<p>The Parker House is a historic house at 680 Middlesex Turnpike in Old Saybrook, Connecticut. It is a roughly square 1-1/2 story wood frame structure with a gambrel roof, built in 1679 by Deacon William Parker. It is believed to be one of the oldest houses in the state, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Family history</h2><br>
<p>William Parker was not a founder of the First Church of Christ Congregational in Old Saybrook, but became its Deacon in 1670. He represented the town at seven sessions of the general court. The town voted to grant him five acres of land for his services. He died in 1725 at the age of 81.</p><br>
<p>William Parker, II, the son of William Parker and Margery Parker, was born in Hartford, Ct. n 1645. He married Lydia Brown on Sept. 7, 1676, and they had two children, William III, born Jan 15, 1673, and Lydia born Feb. 13, 1690. William "was Sergeant in the Train-band as early as 1672 and in 1678-79 the town voted him five acres of land for services "out of the town" in the Indian wars.... He was a lay member of the Saybrook Synod of 1708 that framed the "Saybrook Platform" for the churches of Connecticut. Both he and his wife Lydia were buried in the old cemetery at Saybrook, and the following inscriptions can easily be read on their tombstone: "Here lyeth the Body of Deacon William Parker, who dec(d) Aug. 20, 1725, aged 81 years."</p><br>
<p>The Zion Lodge Historic District surrounds the rustic lodge originally designed by Gilbert Stanley Underwood in Zion National Park. The lodge served as the center of a group of cabins, employee dormitories and support buildings which are included in the district. A swimming pool and bathhouse were demolished in 1976. The district was expanded in 1986 to include an Underwood-designed former photography studio and additional cabins.</p><br>
<p>The Zion Lodge complex was developed by the Utah Parks Company to provide lodging for tourists at Zion. The Utah Parks Company was owned by the Union Pacific Railroad, which had developed a strong relationship with Underwood. Underwood designed most of the structures in the lodge community using principles of rustic design favored by the National Park Service, a style that was developed and promoted, in part, by Underwood himself.</p><br>
<p>The district is centered on the Zion Lodge. Underwoods National Park Service Rustic style lodge burned in 1966 and was replaced by a prefabricated structure on the same foundation. A 1990 renovation added elements of Underwoods original design to the 1966 structure. The district includes:</p><br>
<p>Female Dormitory Built in 1927 to Underwood&#39;s design, in the "studs out" style with wall framing exposed outside of the wall sheathing. The one story building measures approximately 36 ft by 69 ft, with a log-framed hipped roof. The entry porch features stone piers and heavy log roof construction.</p><br>
<p>Male Dormitory Built in 1937 as an enlarged version of the female dormitory in a manner sympathetic to Underwood&#39;s original design. The one story building measures approximately 36 ft by 112 ft.</p><br>
<p>Standard Cabins Also known as "Pioneer Cabins" and "Frontier Cabins", built in the "studs out" style with an anticipated life expectancy of 20 years. The standard cabins were built beginning in 1925. In the 1940s small additions were made for bathrooms.</p><br>
<p>Western Cabins Also known as "Deluxe Cabins, the duplex and quadruplex cabins built in a substantial manner with massive stone piers and fireplaces and open log truss ceilings. Infill walls are built in the studs out style. The Western Cabins were built beginning in 1927.</p><br>
<p>Clarkson Chapel is located on New York State Route 9G  in Clermont, New York, United States, just across from the Coons House. It is a mid-19th century wooden building in the Carpenter Gothic style.</p><br>
<p>Levinus Clarkson, a local landowner who had married into the Livingston family, constructed it in 1860 for a group of dissident Episcopalians that included himself. At the time it was on the grounds of his estate, Knollwood.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Nine years later, when the Hudson River Historic District was created and designated a National Historic Landmark, it also became a contributing property to that district.</p><br>
<p>It has since passed from the Livingston descendants to Columbia County.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The chapel is located on a 1.1 acre lot on the west side of Route 9G, roughly 0.7 mile (1 km) south of the Stone Jug at the Jug Road intersection. It is screened from the road by a row of trees. A driveway approaches it from the southeast. The Coons House, across the road slightly north, is also listed on the Register.</p><br>
<p>It is a one-story frame structure with a steeply pitched gable roof and board-and-batten siding. Projecting hoods with scrolled brackets shield the windows and main entrance, a paneled double door with transom light. Pinnacles and pendants are at both gable ends, with a louvered vent beneath them. The bellcote is separate from the rest of the building, to the southeast.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the chapel has a center aisle between painted wooden pews. The furnishings include hanging lanterns and a cast iron wood-burning stove. A pump organ is also inside.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1854, Levinus Clarkson, husband of Edward Philip Livingstons daughter Mary, left his position as vestryman at St. Pauls Episcopal Church in Tivoli, south of Clermont. He was joined by other congregants who had been alienated by a dispute. Six years later he built the chapel for the dissidents, on part of his Knollwood estate.</p><br>
<p>It was a personal application of the popular Carpenter Gothic style in a Picturesque setting. The chapel is still Episcopalian in its form and materials, and particularly the detached bellcote. Its decorative hoods distinguish from Richard Upjohns similarly Gothic St. Lukes on US 9 elsewhere in Clermont.</p><br>
<p>The Livingston family retained it until the late 20th century, using it for special events. Later in the century it became the property of Columbia County, when developers defaulted on their taxes for a nearby horse farm. In 2001, the environmental group Scenic Hudson obtained an easement for a trail that would connect the site to the horse farm at Clermont State Historic Site to the east.</p><br>
<p>The Compo–Owenoke Historic District is a 154 acre historic district in Westport, Connecticut that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. It was described as being "architecturally significant as an exceptionally well-preserved and cohesive early-twentieth-century beach colony which developed between 1910 and 1940."</p><br>
<p>In 1990 it included 211 contributing buildings, one other contributing site, and one other contributing object. The district includes Compo Beach and two residential areas: Compo and Owenoke (a narrow peninsula extending from the Compo area). The district lies to the west of Sherwood Island State Park and to the east of the mouth of the Saugatuck River.</p><br>
<p>Most of the houses in the district were originally built between 1910 and 1940 and were intended for seasonal (summer) occupancy.</p><br>
<p>The Bly Ranger Station is a United States Forest Service compound that serves as the headquarters for the Bly Ranger District which is an administrative subdivision of the Fremont National Forest. It is located in the small unincorporated community of Bly in southcentral Oregon. The ranger station was constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps between 1936 and 1942. Today, the seven original buildings are still used by the Bly Ranger District. The compound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district in 1981.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 20th century, the forest road networks were not well developed. To facilitate work in National Forests, the Forest Service built district ranger stations at strategic locations within the forest to house full-time employees and provide logistics support to fire patrols and project crews working at remote forest sites. After World War II, the Forest Service greatly expanded its road network, allowing employees to get to most forest areas within a few hours. As a result, many of the more isolated ranger stations were closed or converted to summer guard station. However, the Bly Ranger Station has served continuously as a district administrative headquarters since it was built.</p><br>
<p>Development of the Bly Ranger Station began in 1935 when the Forest Service acquired a 4 acre site in Bly for a district ranger station to manage the western part of the Fremont National Forest. The Forest Service paid $625 for the property. The ranger station was built by Civilian Conservation Corps workers stationed at nearby Camp Bly with the help of some experienced local men, all under the supervision of Forest Service district ranger Perry Smith. Construction was based on designs by E.U. Blanchfield, architect for the Forest Service&#39;s Pacific Northwest Region. The seven original buildings at the Bly compound were constructed between 1936 and 1942. A modern administrative headquarters building was added to the compound in the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>The original structures built by the Civilian Conservation Corps still exist and are all in excellent condition. Because of Bly Ranger Station’s unique historic value as an early Forest Service ranger station, the compound and surrounding area was listed on the National Register of Historic Place on 11 March 1981. The entire site totals 47 acre.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>While the Bly Ranger Station buildings are masterpieces of Cascadian architecture, they were not expensive to build. The district office and the main ranger’s residence were both finished in 1937. The office cost $1,700 to build while the ranger’s residence cost the Government $2,400. The oil and gas house was built in 1939 at a cost of only $300. The last building constructed at Bly compound by the Civilian Conservation Corps was the guard residence. It was completed in 1942 at a cost of $1,600.</p><br>
<p>Over the years, the district staff has grown to more than thirty full-time employees, increasing the need for office space. In addition to the original district office and the new administrative building, the guard residence and the garage have been converted into office space. However, district personnel still live in the two ranger residences. The warehouse and gas house are still used for their original purposes as well.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Bly Ranger Station is located in the upper Sprague River Valley of eastern Klamath County, Oregon surrounded by the Fremont National Forest. The compound is on the south side of State Highway 140 in the small unincorporated community of Bly. The ranger station is 43 mi northwest of Lakeview and 53 mi northeast of Klamath Falls.</p><br>
<p>The Bly ranger station compound is open for self-guided tours Monday through Friday year around, except on Federal holidays. Information about the historic buildings is available at the district office. There are also picnic tables and public restrooms available at the site.</p><br>
<p>Mitchell Monument is approximately ten miles northwest of the ranger station in the Fremont National Forest. The monument is located at the only site in the continental United States where Americans were killed during World War II as a direct result of enemy action. Information about Mitchell Monument and its history is available at the ranger station.</p><br>
<p>Mount Banda Banda, a mountain of the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia, is situated 320 km from Sydney within the Willi Willi National Park. Banda Banda can be seen on the north western horizon from the town of Port Macquarie. At 1,258 m it is the highest mountain in the region.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>The stands of Antarctic beech are some of the finest in existence, and the mountain was included in 1986 as part of Gondwana Rainforests of Australia.</p><br>
<p>Interesting eucalyptus plants occurring on the mountain include the Blue Mountains ash and Eucalyptus scias subsp. apoda. The endangered shrub Zieria lasiocaulis only occurs at Willi Willi National Park. Another endangered plant on Mount Banda Banda is Grevillea guthrieana.</p><br>
<p>The summit of the mountain is remarkably flat, and covered in grasses and the Blue Mountains ash. The isolated occurrence of the Blue Mountains ash is noteworthy, as it is most often seen in the Blue Mountains district, some 300 kilometres to the south west.</p><br>
<h3>Cool temperate rainforest</h3><br>
<p>The main tree species in the rainforest is the Antarctic beech. Associated species include prickly ash, coachwood, sassafras, soft corkwood and yellow carabeen. Walking stick palms are seen in the understorey, though usually not associated with such cooler rainforests. Orange berry is a common ground cover. Despite the impressive 40 metre canopy, the soil is only moderately fertile, being derived from porphyry. Rainfall on Mount Banda Banda is 2 metres per year, a very high amount for the otherwise arid Australian continent.</p><br>
<h3>Arboretum</h3><br>
<p>In 1964, the New South Wales Forestry Commission planted various exotic conifers amidst the cool temperate rainforest at Banda Banda. Arboretum species include the monkey puzzle tree, Cunninghamia, Cryptomeria, Douglas fir, radiata pine, Ponderosa Pine and the Sierra redwood. The possibility of the spread of exotic seedlings into the natural rainforest is of concern.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>Rare fauna inhabiting Mount Banda Banda include the Hastings River mouse, Parma wallaby, sphagnum frog, Booroolong frog, giant barred frog, stuttering barred frog, the tree dwelling snail, the olive whistler, and the rufous scrub-bird, which was described by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as being of "universally outstanding significance to science and conservation". The reptile and invertebrate fauna of the mountain are not yet comprehensively understood. However, as this Gondwana rainforest is in good condition, future surveys should provide a valuable picture of the local ecology.</p><br>
<p>The Milton Center Historic District encompasses the historic 19th-century village center of Milton in the northwestern part of the town of Litchfield, Connecticut. Basically linear, it stretches from Milton Cemetery in the west to the junction of Milton and Shearshop Roads in the east, including houses, churches, schools, and the remains of industrial sites. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The village of Milton was settled around 1740, and was first known as West Farms. David Welch, one of the early arrivals, built a house in about 1756 that still stands near the eastern end of the village. He was a merchant who also processed iron on his property. Other early residents dammed the branches of the Shepaug River to operate sawmills, gristmills, and other water-powered industry. The small settlement was formally granted parish status by the town in 1768, and its first church was built in 1791. The village flourished until the mid-19th century, after which it declined, bypassed by the railroads and technological advances reducing dependence on water power.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is basically linear, extending east-west along Milton Road, from the cemetery in the west to the junction of Shearshop Road in the east. The focal point is at this eastern junction, where there is a triangular green and the Trinity Church. The 1791 Congregational Church is a short way to the west. Other notable buildings in the district include the Milton Academy and a Milton District School. Two bridges over the East branch of the Shepaug River, and there are archaeological remnants of the water-powered industries. The district is embedded in a larger locally designated district that encompasses 150 buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Torringford Street Historic District is a historic district on the east side of the city of Torrington, Connecticut. The district includes properties along Torringford Street , the main thoroughfare of the Torringford section of the city, between United States Route 202 and West Hill Road. The road is one of the oldest in Torrington, and this section is notable for containing a cross-section of well-preserved architecture from the 18th to the mid-20th centuries. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The land that makes up the city of Torrington was settled in the 1730s and incorporated as a town in 1740. Its bounds were determined by the colonial legislature in 1732, at which time the route of Torringford Street was also laid out. The area&#39;s economy was based on agriculture, and it gained a separate identity from the town center due to geographic separation. A separate church was approved for the Torringford district in 1763 and built in 1768; it has not survived, but its location near West Pearl Street is marked. The area flourished with modest commerce in the mid-19th century, but became economically flat when focus of economic development moved to the town center with the arrival of the railroad in 1849. The area has remained largely agricultural since then, with some residential subdivision taking place.</p><br>
<p>The historic district covers some 650 acre, extending along Torringford Street from US 202 to West Hill Road. All of the districts buildings face Torringford Street, except one property on Hayden Hill Road, which contributes to the visual landscape. The modern roads roughly straight alignment is essentially what was laid out in 1732. The district includes 119 historically significant buildings, most of the modest wood frame residential structures. Notable early buildings include the c. 1757 Shubael Griswold Tavern, which was one of the first taverns in the community.</p><br>
<p>The Georgetown University Astronomical Observatory  was founded in 1841 by Father James Curley of the Department of Physics at Georgetown College. Father Curley chose a site on the college grounds, planned the building, and supervised its construction to its completion in 1844. Costs were initially paid by Rev. Thomas Meredith Jenkins, S.J., and Rev. Charles H. Stonestreet, S.J., who were Georgetown professors at the time. The observatory was used in 1846 to determine the latitude and longitude of Washington, D.C., which Curley determined to be longitude 38°54′26N and latitude 5818.29.</p><br>
<p>In 1850, Benedict Sestini used the observatory to make a series of sunspot drawings, which were engraved and published (44 plates) as "Appendix A" of the Naval Observatory volume for 1847, printed in 1853. In 1888, Johann Georg Hagen was named director. He was responsible for the installation of the 12-inch equatorial telescope with which for twenty years he observed and gathered data on variable stars. This instrument is still in continuous use. In 1928, Paul McNally became director. Francis J. Heyden, S.J. became director in 1945, and continued research into solar eclipses. In 1972, Georgetown University closed its Department of Astronomy, and the observatory was used by the Georgetown University Astronomical Society. Light pollution from surrounding Washington, D.C., has limited viewing celestial bodies from the location.</p><br>
<p>On July 2, 1973, the observatory was designated as a USA national landmark National Register of Historic Places. The Georgetown University Astronomical Society has, with support of Department of Physics and Georgetown University, periodically sponsored renovation of the Heyden Observatory, which is now primarily used by the Laboratory of Entomology and Biodiversity directed by Edward M. Barrows. The Heyden Memorial Garden is on the east and north sides of the observatory. The garden has a conservation garden with native species; formal gardens; ponds with fish, frogs, water plants, and other biota; and trees including American beech, crapemyrtle, eastern redcedar, and English oak. The conservation garden is a monarch butterfly waystation. In 1989, as part of GU&#39;s bicentennial celebration, Professor Donald M. Spoon, who had a lab in the observatory at the time, organized the dedication of the garden. Father Heyden attended the ceremony. At the time, the garden was full of hundreds of iris species and cultivars, including new ones that Professor Spoon bred. Currently, Observatory Hill likely has thousands of species of archaens, bacteria, and eurkaryans, including animals, fungi, plants, and protistans. About 20 pollinator species regularly visit flowers on the hill.</p><br>
<p>Currently the observatory is operated and maintained by the Georgetown University Astronomical Society.</p><br>
<h2>List of directors</h2><br>
<p>James Curley (1843)</p><br>
<p>Johann Georg Hagen (1888)</p><br>
<p>Edward C. Phillips</p><br>
<p>Paul McNally (1928)</p><br>
<p>Francis J. Heyden (1948)</p><br>
<p>The Coons House is located along NY 9G in Clermont, New York, United States, across the road from the Clarkson Chapel. It was built in the mid-19th century in the Greek Revival architectural style.</p><br>
<p>It is the only Greek Revival house in Clermont to have been built in the full temple style, with a front colonnade. In 1983 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, where it is also a contributing property to the Hudson River Historic District, a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The house is at the front of a 15.5 acre lot, with trees screening it from the road on its west and a driveway to the north. The neighborhood is rural, with pastures from a nearby horse farm and woodlots.</p><br>
<p>It is a clapboard-sided frame building two stories high and three bays wide. On the west (front) facade, a two-story portico is supported by four polygonal columns with the entrance on the south. It is flanked by pilasters and topped with a transom light.</p><br>
<p>A brick chimney rises from the north. On the south end is a one-story gabled wing.</p><br>
<p>There are two outbuildings on the property. A small shed is behind the house, and a barn is to the south. Both are considered contributing properties to its historic character and Register listing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building is known to have been erected around 1850. Little is known of its owner or resident at that time. It was on the estates of the Livingston family, and its architectural detail, with a somewhat relaxed application of the Greek Revival style, suggests some prominence for the owner. Its location away from the main buildings of the estate and modest scale make it likely that it was the home of a favored or senior employee of the Livingstons.</p><br>
<p>The Deboyne Islands are an atoll, composed of a group of reefs and islands in the north of the Louisiade Archipelago, Papua New Guinea.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>They are located 13 km from Misima and 5 km from the Torlesse Islands. Islands in the Deboyne Islands include Panaeati (the northernmost), Panapompom, Nivani, Pana Uya Wana, Rara, Losai, Nibub and Passage Island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Deboyne Islands were discovered in 1793 by Antoine Bruni d&#39;Entrecasteaux. he named the islands the archipelago and named it after Pierre Étienne Bourgeois de Boynes, which was the Marine and Colonial Minister of France at that time.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, the islands were used as a seaplane outpost by the Imperial Japanese Navy, from 5–12 May 1942.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>The settlements in the main island Panaeati are all located on the south coast of the island, facing the lagoon.</p><br>
<p>the language spoken on the islands is Misima-Paneati language.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>Nivani, the small island south of Panapompom, has a small vocational school and slipway.</p><br>
<p>Yachts are regular visitors to the Louisiade Archipelago. Nivani is a favorite anchorage for these yachts, with averages of about 15 yachts a year. A small ecotourist resort was recently built at Nivani that would respect the environment, yet provide business opportunities for the population of Panapompom community. The resort is a success especially with yachtsman, divers and film crews.</p><br>
<p>Sintiki  is a municipality in the Serres regional unit, Central Macedonia, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the town Sidirokastro. The municipality has an area of 1,103.431 km.</p><br>
<h2>Municipality</h2><br>
<p>The municipality Sintiki was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 6 former municipalities, that became municipal units:</p><br>
<p>Achladochori</p><br>
<p>Agkistro</p><br>
<p>Kerkini</p><br>
<p>Petritsi</p><br>
<p>Promachonas</p><br>
<p>Sidirokastro</p><br>
<h2>Province</h2><br>
<p>The province of Sintiki (Επαρχία Σιντικής) was one of the provinces of the Serres Prefecture. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipality Sintiki, and a small part of the municipality Irakleia. It was abolished in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office in Hudson, New York, United States, is located on Union Street at the corner of South Fourth Street, just across from the Columbia County courthouse. It serves the ZIP Code 12534, which covers the city of Hudson and surrounding areas of the Town of Greenport.</p><br>
<p>It was built from 1909 to 1911 in a combination of the Colonial and Classical Revival architectural styles. The latter was used for the front portico, which echoes that of the slightly older county courthouse across the street. During the 1930s it was expanded in an architecturally sympathetic fashion, and public art was added to its lobby. It is a contributing property to the Hudson Historic District, established in 1985. Three years later, in 1988, the post office was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in its own right, the only one in the county on the Register.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The post office is a seven-by-five-bay one-story building of brick laid in Flemish bond on a raised foundation faced in granite. It is capped with a low hipped roof; the arched windows are trimmed in white marble with a block at the springline. A two-bay wing projects from the east, along the south facade.</p><br>
<p>Along the west facade, on South Fourth, is a five-bay central pavilion with slightly recessed wings. The main entrance is flanked by fluted floral-topped wooden pilasters that support an entablature with similarly foliated cornice. Above it a plain frieze reads "Hudson, N.Y., 12534." The entire entry is surrounded by a large arch with a decorated marble surround, featuring rosettes, an archivolt with interlocking wooden circles. It is topped by an architrave with carved guttae and a deep cornice with modillions. Atop it is a balustraded parapet.</p><br>
<p>The south facade has a shallow single-bay portico with paired Doric columns supporting an entablature with triglyphs and modillioned pediment. Its entrance is similar to the other facade. Granite steps lead up from the street.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the L-shaped lobby can be entered from both directions. From the south, a wooden vestibule opens onto a space with terrazzo floors bordered by white marble and inset panels, marble wainscoting and high ceiling. The plaster walls are divided by engaged fluted wooden pilasters topped by egg-and-dart–molded capitals. Above them is a cornice with similar molding, with a five-paneled cast stone relief, "The History of Transportation", above the door to the postmaster&#39;s office.</p><br>
<p>The east portion of the lobby is less detailed. Its vestibule&#39;s inner door has a similar treatment as the western exterior entrance. Bronze customer tables are original.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>At the time of Hudson&#39;s incorporation in 1785, mail to and from the community was handled by the post office in nearby Claverack, then the county seat. The village gained its own post office in 1793, run from a store on Warren Street. Later it was in another store on the same street.</p><br>
<p>This was the building still in use in 1906 when Congress allocated $75,000 ($ in contemporary dollars) for the construction of a new post office opposite the recently constructed courthouse and near the city&#39;s other public buildings. Two years later the site was purchased for $15,000.</p><br>
<p>James Knox Taylor, Supervising Architect of the Treasury, designed the building, one of many post offices in New York he is responsible for. He had begun introducing classical and Renaissance elements into post office design, to express a return to the democratic ideals of the Founders. In Hudson, he put two classically inspired porticos on a basic Colonial Revival brick main block. They shared many details, such as the paired columns, modillion blocks and parapet, with the recently built Warren and Wetmore-designed county courthouse across the square.</p><br>
<p>Construction was supposed to have been finished by August 1910 but instead it was not done until almost a year and a half later, in December 1911, at a cost of $58,576 ($ in contemporary dollars). In the early 1930s an addition was authorized due to local growth. It required the purchase of more land to the east and the demolition of the house on it. In 1938 it was completed for $99,000 ($ in contemporary dollars). During that construction, the Vincent Glinsky "Evolution of Transportation" sculpture was added to the lobby through the Treasury Relief Art Project.</p><br>
<p>During this work some of the original windows and vents were bricked over, and the current bronze handrail on the outdoor steps added. A quarter-century later, in 1963, when the outdoor steps were replaced, the original lampposts were removed as well. There have been no other significant changes to the building other than those.</p><br>
<p>The Church of St Peter at Podimore in the parish of Yeovilton, Somerset, England dates from the early 14th century and has been designated as a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>The church is built on the site of a previous building which is recorded in the Domesday Book from which time it was under the control of Glastonbury Abbey,</p><br>
<p>The church has a chancel, nave and west tower. The tower is in four stages, the lowest is square and the others are octagonal. It contains a single bell which was cast in 1633. Survey work was undertaken on the tower in 2012 for future renovation. The chancel arch is probably the oldest part of the building.</p><br>
<p>The interior includes altar rails dating from the late 17th century and fragments of glass in the east window which date from the 1490s. There are also traces of wall paintings.</p><br>
<p>The Anglican parish of Yeovilton with Podimore is part of the benefice of Ilchester with Northover and Limington within the archdeaconry of Wells.</p><br>
<p>The Grace Hudson Museum in Ukiah, California is adjacent to the Sun House where artist Grace Hudson and her husband resided until their deaths. The house and museum are owned and operated by the city of Ukiah.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Returning to California, Grace and John Hudson lived the rest of their days leading a modest bohemian lifestyle of collecting, traveling, field work, reading, entertaining, photography and painting based in The Sun House in Ukiah, a Craftsman-style California bungalow they designed and had built of redwood in 1911. The Hopi sun symbol was adopted by the Hudsons as their family symbol; the Sun House displays the emblem prominently over the door. John Hudson died there in 1936.</p><br>
<p>With no children of her own, Grace Hudson left The Sun House and its land to her nephew, Mark Carpenter. Carpenter preserved the house and its 30,000 collected objects for posterity, giving it to the City of Ukiah which operates the house and the adjoining Grace Hudson Museum. Today, the Sun House is California Historical Landmark #926, and is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The Sun House and Museum are within the 4 acre Hudson-Carpenter city park. The museum&#39;s website says of Grace Hudson that "...her work enjoys renewed interest and recognition for its fine and sympathetic portrayals of native peoples."</p><br>
<p>The Church of St Peter and St Paul at Charlton Adam in the parish of Charlton Mackrell, Somerset, England has 14th-century origins, however most of the current building is from the 15th century. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>Between 1142 and 1166 the church in Charlton Adam was held by Bruton Abbey. It was originally dedicated to St Peter the Apostle with the double dedication being adopted some time in the 16th or 17th century.</p><br>
<p>Restoration work was undertaken in 1860 when the barrel roof in the nave was installed and galleries removed.</p><br>
<p>The tower has a peal of five bells. The earliest is from around 1490 and was made by a Bristol foundry, those from 1714 and 1738 were by the Bilbie family with the most recent being from T. Mears of London made in 1832. They are mounted on a 16th-century bell frame which become rotten, and the bells had not been rung since 1916. This was restored in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The font dates from the 12th century and the pulpit is Jacobean.</p><br>
<p>An engraved glass screen has been installed on the belfry balcony, decorated with the emblems of St Peter and St Paul accompanied by British plants.</p><br>
<p>The parish is part of the benefice of Somerton with Compton Dundon and The Charltons within the deanery of Ivelchester.</p><br>
<p>The Church without dedication  at Low Ham in the parish of High Ham, Somerset, England was formerly a private chapel to the manor. It stands on the site of an earlier church, and was started in the early 17th century, damaged in the English Civil War, and completed in 1690. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church was built around 1600, on the site of an earlier church, which was probably in existence in the 13th century, but may have been built by Serlo de Burci.</p><br>
<p>The new church was built by Sir Edward Hext and completed by Baron Stawell to be the chapel for a new manor house, however the house was never completed. The gateway which was built was moved to Hazlegrove House.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church was built of local stone with Hamstone dressings, in a Gothic style. It has a three-bay nave and two-bay chancel. The three stage tower has corner buttresses and gargoyles. It contains two bells one of which was cast before 1350 and the other around 1500. There are still some remnants of 15th century stained glass in the windows. The windows have decorative tracery.</p><br>
<p>The interior includes monuments to Sir Edward Hext and to several generations of the Stawell family. There is a wooden chancel screen and a stone screen which was brought from St Mark&#39;s Church, Bristol. The pulpit is Jacobean.</p><br>
<p>The parish of High Ham is within the Langport Area Team Ministry benefice which is part of the Diocese of Bath and Wells.</p><br>
<p>The Anglican Church of the Holy Trinity at Sutton Montis in the parish of South Cadbury, Somerset, England has Saxon origins but most of the surviving building is from the 12th century and subsequent periods. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>The first building on the site was Saxon, however most of the current Doulting stone building is from the 12th century and has been revised in the centuries since, with major Victorian restoration in 1862. The Norman building seats approximately 80 people within the three-bay nave and chancel. The west tower has three bells, dating from 1420, 1636 and 1764.</p><br>
<p>The octagonal font is from the 15th century, and the wooden pulpit from the 17th.</p><br>
<p>To enable the use of multimedia within services a sound system and projection screen were installed in the church. Ramped access for disabled church goers has also been installed.</p><br>
<p>The parish is within the Cam Vale benefice within the Diocese of Bath and Wells.</p><br>
<p>The Church of St Mary the Virgin at East Stoke in Stoke-sub-Hamdon, Somerset, England dates from the 12th century. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building. It was previously dedicated to Saint Denis.</p><br>
<p>Much of the church, including the nave and chancel with their stone carving are Norman, the structure being supported by pilaster buttresses. The north transept was added about 1225 and the south transept about 1300.</p><br>
<p>The church has a tower with five bells. It shows various medieval carving including abstract corbels, an astrological tympanum, and St Michael slaying the dragon. Two of the carvings are thought to be Sheela na Gigs. The upper part of the tower was built in the 13th century with the parapet being added in the 15th.</p><br>
<p>The church was restored in 1862, by Benjamin Ferrey.</p><br>
<p>The parish is within the benefice of Stoke-sub-Hamdon, which is part of the Wells archdeaconry.</p><br>
<p>Two of the Grade II* listed 17th-century monuments in the churchyard have suffered from subsidence and as a result rising damp has caused salt crystallisation which is affecting the inscriptions. As a result, they have been added to the Heritage at Risk register.</p><br>
<p>Mount Gould is a thirteener on the Sierra crest, just north of Kearsarge Pass.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Mount Gould&#39;s north-south ridge straddles the boundary between Fresno County and Kings Canyon National Park to the west, and Inyo County and the John Muir Wilderness to the east. Its western slopes drain to the Kings River, and its eastern slopes feed the Owens River. Its nearest neighboring peaks are Dragon Peak to the north across Gould Pass, and Nameless Pyramid to the south across Kearsarge Pass.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing history</h2><br>
<p>The first recorded ascent was in 1890 by Joseph N. LeConte, Hubert P. Dyer, Fred S. Pheby, and C. B. Lakeman. They called it University Peak. They scrambled the talus of Gould&#39;s south ridge, and climbed the more solid rock of its summit block. This route, by way of the Kearsarge Pass Trail from the Onion Valley trailhead, remains the easiest and most accessible approach.</p><br>
<p>Norwichtown is a historic neighborhood in the city of Norwich, Connecticut. It is generally the area immediately north of the Yantic River between I-395 and Route 169.</p><br>
<p>The portion of the neighborhood from the Norwichtown Green and east of it is a locally designated historic district that was also listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 as the Norwichtown Historic District. The district includes 48 contributing buildings and one other contributing site over an 110 acre area.</p><br>
<p>The earliest settlement of Norwich, in 1659, was in Norwichtown. Initial settlement, by 35 English settlers who relocated from under the leadership of Major John Mason and bought land from Uncas, sachem of the Mohegans, was centered on the Norwichtown Green.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Green is triangular in shape, with an area of about 1.75 acre. It is surrounded by shade trees and bordered by Town Street, East Town Street and Elm Avenue. These streets are lined with 18th and 19th houses and shops that face the Green. There are four houses in Norwichtown that were built in the 17th century: the 1660 Bradford-Huntington House, built c. 1660; the Olmstead-Lathrop House, dating to c. 1659-1745; Leffingwell House Museum, built c. 1675; and the Simon Huntington House, built c. 1690. The First Congregational Church, built in the Federal style in 1801, was the third building to house the local congregation. Many older homes in the district have been converted to commercial use. The John Mason School is now the central administration for the Norwich Public School System. North of the towns first schoolhouse is the Colonial Cemetery where four Connecticut governors are buried. Four houses from the 17th century remain standing north of the Green area is Meeting House Hill, a cliff of large rocks that is also known as the Meeting House Rocks. It was on this cliff that the villages second and third meetinghouses were established, with the site used as a lookout point. The memorial on top of the rocks and pathway are cared for by the First Congregational Church.</p><br>
<p>Five buildings included in the historic district are separately listed on the National Register of Historic Places. These are the saltbox Leffingwell Inn, the Joseph Carpenter Silversmith Shop, built c. 1772-1774; the Dr. Daniel Lathrop School, one of Connecticut&#39;s oldest remaining brick schoolhouses, which dates to 1782; the Bradford-Huntington House at 16 Huntington Lane; and the Gen. Jedidiah Huntington House at 23 E. Town Street.</p><br>
<p>Norwichtown was the old center of Norwich, when the town was settled primarily as a farming community in the late 17th century. By the early 18th century, the focus of Norwich became the harbor facilities in the adjacent Chelsea neighborhood east and south of the town center, and eventually the center of Norwich became the small urban center at Chelsea, which was also ringed with industrial mills. The establishment of the city of Norwich in 1784 centered on the Chelsea neighborhood necessitated the distinction of calling the old town center Norwichtown. The city of Norwich was consolidated with the town of Norwich in 1952 relegating Norwichtown to become a residential neighborhood of the city of Norwich.</p><br>
<p>As Chelsea Parade became a more populated residential district, the residents wanted a church closer than those in Norwichtown. Therefore, the Park Congregational Church was built right next to Chelsea Parade. Stephen C. Earle of Worcester Massachusetts designed the Park Congregational Church and the church was built in 1873. The church was built in the Romanesque revival style.</p><br>
<p>The Teel House originally built, as a hotel is also located on Chelsea Parade. Joseph Teel of Preston built the Hotel in 1789. The Hotel was known for its fine halls and splendid ballrooms. After Mr. Teel&#39;s death, the hotel was converted into a boarding school and day school. Today the Teel House is a residence. The house has an impressive center hall plan and contains eight fireplaces.</p><br>
<p>One of the main streets running through Norwichtown and adjacent to Chelsea Green is Washington Street. Along Washington Street is the house of Charles A. Converse. This gothic-styled house was built c. 1870 and is most notable for its steeply pitched roofs and the red and gray roof slates. However, the owner, Charles Converse, is noted more for the Converse Art Gallery that he gave to the Norwich Free Academy, less than a block away.</p><br>
<p>Traveling further down Washington Street away from Norwich town there are many other Historic Houses, such as the Learned-Aiken House, Vernet-Lee House, the Eliza Huntington Memorial Home, and the Lathrop-Brewer House.</p><br>
<p>Running parallel to Washington Street is Broadway. One interesting House located at 189 Broadway is the De Witt House-Lydia Huntley Sigourney School. The house was built in the late eighteenth century. In 1812 the house was used a school for young ladies. Lydia Huntley conducted the school with her friend Nancy Maria Hyde until she was forced to close the school once Hyde became ill.</p><br>
<p>Continuing down Washington Street toward Norwich town is the most famous of historic homes in Norwich, the Leffingwell Inn. Stephen Backus built the original house in 1675. The House also includes fine works from Norwich silversmiths and clock makers of the 1700s. Christopher Leffingwell, the son of Thomas commissioned Thomas Harland to design a clock for the North Parlor that is still hung in the same exact place that Christopher originally hung the clock.</p><br>
<p>Further into Norwich town is the Joshua Prior House. Joshua Prior built the house in 1766. The house still has the original fluted pilasters over the doorways and six-paneled raised double front door.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Joshua Lathrop House was built in 1763. This house was built in two sections, a saltbox section and then a three-bay Georgian Section. The house has been restored and it still has original fireplaces including a nine- foot cooking fireplace.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Huntington, signer of the Declaration of Independence, president of the Continental Congress, first President of the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and governor of Connecticut, lived in Norwichtown. His house is located to the east of the Green and he is buried in Norwichtown&#39;s colonial era cemetery. Samuel Huntington Elementary School on West Town Street in Norwichtown, a public school operated by Norwich Public Schools, is named for him.</p><br>
<p>Fairview Reservoir, one of Norwich&#39;s backup reservoirs, is between Canterbury Turnpike and Scotland Road in Norwichtown.</p><br>
<h2>Norwichtown Historic District</h2><br>
<p>This district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1973. By then, the district was already a local historic district. The National Register application was promoted by the local historic commission, in connection to its opposition to the demolition of a building in the district area. The local commission sought the listing "for the prestige and status that is sometimes found in the recognition by not only a State agency but the Federal government."</p><br>
<p>The district includes much of the original settlement area of the town. It includes the Norwichtown Green and "has irregular boundaries on the radiating streets." The district consists of two parts: one includes the Green and stretches down to the Leffingwell museum at Washington and Town Streets. A smaller, separated part includes six buildings on Harland Road and/or Harland Place.</p><br>
<p>The district&#39;s 110 acre area includes 48 contributing buildings and one other contributing site.</p><br>
<p>The district is defined to exclude a large commercial mall, the Norwichtown Mall, and other non-historic areas.</p><br>
<p>Two "outstanding" buildings in the district, both located on the Norwichtown Green, are the Dr. Daniel Lathrop School and the Joseph Carpenter Silversmith Shop. The school, built in 1783, is believed to be one of the earliest brick schoolhouses still surviving in Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>There are five separately NRHP-listed buildings in the district: the Bradford-Huntington House, at 16 Huntington Lane; Joseph Carpenter Silversmith Shop, at 71 E. Town Street; the 1798 East District School, at 365 Washington Street; the Gen. Jedidiah Huntington House, at 23 E. Town Street; and Leffingwell Inn, a saltbox at 348 Washington Street, in the southeast corner of the first part of the district.</p><br>
<p>Washington Street includes many pre-1800 homes.</p><br>
<p>The historic district includes part of the original area of the 1660 settlement of Norwichtown. More than 300 years later, the pattern of development is still similar.</p><br>
<p>The Shiloh Missionary Baptist Church and Rosenwald School is a historic Missionary Baptist Church and Rosenwald School located near 7794 Highway 81, Notasulga, Alabama in Macon County, Alabama. The property contains two buildings that are both associated with the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. The church building is a gable-front frame building with a frame bell tower serving as a prominent landmark along the highway. The building has been sided in vinyl, c. 1990, but the interior of the building retains its c. 1916 appearance, complete with decorative painted graining on doors, pews, wainscoting, and other defining features of the building. The Rosenwald School, built c. 1922 and remodeled c. 1936, retains its historical and architectural integrity from the 1930s when a New Deal agency expanded the industrial room and made other interior and exterior changes. The Rosenwald School is undergoing renovation as of February 2011. Both buildings have been listed in the Alabama State Historic Register.</p><br>
<p>One of the most infamous incidents in the medical history of the United States is the study of syphilis, sponsored by the U. S. Public Health Service (USPHS) in Macon County, Alabama, from 1932 to 1973. It is often called "The Tuskegee Study" because the Macon County seat is Tuskegee and a former hospital at Tuskegee Institute (now university) and the Veterans’ Hospital at Tuskegee were used for some of the medical procedures. The Shiloh Missionary Baptist Church is located about 8 miles north of Tuskegee, Alabama.</p><br>
<p>Notices would be sent to subject of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. They were instructed to meet at a central location to be picked up for testing. A memo from the USPHS details where these roundups between test doctors and USPHS official took place. The memo stated "The Government will be here next week. Be sure to meet him at the time a place listed below that is nearest your home." The rural location were a combination of churches, schools, and crossroads stores. The Shiloah Missionary Baptist Church was one gathering location.</p><br>
<p>The buildings and adjacent cemetery were added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on September 20, 2006. They were subsequently added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 6, 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Chester County Courthouse is a historic courthouse building located in the county seat of West Chester, Chester County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1846 at a cost of $55,346 and was designed by Thomas U. Walter. Walter also designed the dome of the United States Capitol. An addition, designed by T. Roney Williamson and constructed from Indiana Limestone, was added in 1893. Another addition was added in 1966.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 5, 1972, and located in the West Chester Downtown Historic District. It was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey in July 1958.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>The first courthouse to serve Chester County was the 1724 Chester Courthouse in Chester, and it is now listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Following the transfer of the county seat from Chester, now located in Delaware County, to West Chester in 1786, the means of judicial law were conducted in a courthouse built in 1786, characterized as "miserable specime of architecture". When it became apparent that the existing courthouse was inadequate in size, grand juries and several petitioners proposed a new courthouse to be erected in 1845, located at 10 North High Street. Though some individuals demurred, claiming that the proposed courthouse would be a burden upon taxpayers, local officials supported the project. Architect Thomas U. Walter was commissioned to design the courthouse. Ground was broken in early 1846, and the cornerstone was placed on 4 July; the courthouse was completed in late 1847, with the total cost of the project reaching $55,345.98. After construction finished, the building gradually filled with items and individuals being transferred to the new offices; by December, the courthouse was fully in use. The courthouse, since then, was regularly used as a rendezvous for residents; during the Civil War, "rousing patriotic meetings" were held, and speeches famous individuals orated in the building.</p><br>
<p>After years of complaints, the Chester County Court designated a commission of representatives from the Chester County Bar Association in 1888 to investigate the issue of lack of space in the new courthouse. Among the proposals considered was the addition of an additional wing to the courthouse facing westward toward Market Street. In 1890, the land required to build such an extension was secured, and in 1891, T. Roney Williamson was commissioned to design the addition. Plummer E. Jefferis was paid $75,030 to construct the 50 x annex, which was started in June 1891 and finished in early 1893. The courtroom within the addition was first used in late 1892 as a result of an uptick in the number of cases, making it necessary to utilize the extra space while still under construction. In December 1892, the old courtroom was refurbished as well, though the addition was used until January 1893, when the overhaul of the original courtroom was completed.</p><br>
<p>Thenceforth, both courtrooms were used simultaneously. The courtroom and renovation of the building was completed on 8 April 1893 at cost of $116,446.53. Courtroom 1 was later renovated again in 1966.</p><br>
<h2>Ten Commandments plaque</h2><br>
<p>On 1 March 1920, county commissioners received the gift of a plaque imprinted with the text of the Ten Commandments from the Council of Religious Education of the Federated Churches of West Chester, which was unveiled on 11 December. The Reverend Charles R. Williamson claimed that the tablet would serve as "a reminder, to all who read as they pass by, of their duty and responsibility to God and their fellow men." In 2002, Sally Flynn, representing the Freethought Society of Greater Philadelphia, filed a complaint against Chester County regarding the plaque and requested its removal, alleging it was a violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, which stated that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion". Freethought Society v. Chester County resulted in a court order stating that the county was "permanently enjoined" from the preservation of the tablet under the First Amendment. The defendant, the county, filed an appeal which was considered by the court, concluding in a second court order changing the terms of the original one: to cover the plaque with a material of the same color as the stone. A second appeal was filed in 2003 and reviewed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, resulting in the reversal of the original order and re-allowed the exhibition of the tablet.</p><br>
<p>The Warsaw Courthouse Square Historic District is a historic district in Warsaw, Indiana that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. Its boundaries were increased in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Warsaw was named after the capital of Poland, the homeland of the county&#39;s namesake, Thaddeus Kosciusko. Beginning in 1834, settlers arrived, a blacksmith shop and several dwellings were built. A year after being platted it was chosen as the county seat. In 1854 Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway came to town and growth began.</p><br>
<p>The Kosciusko County Jail was designed by George O. Garnsey and built by Richard Epperson in 1870, the Gothic Revival fortress-like jail is an intimidating sight. The Opera House was constructed in 1874 after a fire destroyed an earlier hall. This three-story brick building contained seating for 1,500 people. The former Odd Fellows Building dates from 1872. With more rail lines, canneries, flour mills, ice making and farm implements factories developed. In 1916 the Widaman-McDonald Building was built and housed a 500-seat Centennial Theatre.</p><br>
<p>Prosperity continued into the twentieth century. Early in the century, the Winona Interurban began operation, enabling people in the outlying areas to get to Warsaw quickly and inexpensively. A number of commercial buildings were constructed during this period including the Widaman-McDonald Building, the Eagles Lodge and two buildings on Center Street. The district&#39;s most impressive 20th century building is the Post Office designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore in 1931.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Warsaw Court House and Jail District consists of two city blocks in downtown Warsaw, Indiana. The district is bounded by Main Street, Indiana Street, Center Street and Lake Street.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The District contains thirteen commercial and governmental buildings. The Kosciusko County Court House, the Saemann Building, and the Kosciusko County Jail are architecturally significant. The Eagles Building, the Widaman-McDonald Building, the Humpty Dumpty Restaurant contribute architecturally to the district. The buildings on Center Street provide a continuous façade line to the 16 ft sidewalk as a group.</p><br>
<p>Like other counties, Kosciusko County built a magnificent courthouse in the center of the dense commercial district. The courthouse is the architectural and political centerpiece of the community. The nearby Jail, constructed eleven years before the courthouse, was designed by George O. Garnsey, of Chicago.</p><br>
<p>The Saemann Building (Crownover/Masonic Lodge Building) replaced a resort hotel that was destroyed by fire in 1883. A new hotel was being constructed down the street, it was decided to build a three-story commercial structure. The building had commercial establishments on the first floor, law offices on the second floor, and the third floor was Warsaw&#39;s Masonic Lodge.</p><br>
<h2>Inventory</h2><br>
<p>All structures are historically contributing towards the Historic District Status, unless otherwise noted. An ‘O’ rating signifies that the structure had enough historic or architectural significance to be considered for individual listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The ‘N’ rating signifies that the structure is above average and may, with further investigation be eligible for an individual listing. The ‘C’ or contributing rating signifies that the structure meet the basic inventory qualifications, but fails to meet individual merit, but in combination with other closely placed similar structures warrants inclusion in an historic district.</p><br>
<p>West Center Street</p><br>
<p>202 Commercial Building; Twentieth Century Functional, c.1940 (C)</p><br>
<p>Kosciusko County Courthouse; Victorian Eclectic, 1882-1884 (Thomas J. Tolan and Son, architect; Hiram Iddings, builder) (O). The countys fourth courthouse was constructed between the years 1882-1884 at a cost of almost $200,000. The buildings ornate limestone façade is highly articulated with decorative scrolls, garlands and classical columns. It is topped with a 162-feet domed tower visible for miles around. Second Empire Style, limestone construction, mansard roof with straight sides, central pavilion, paired windows, metal roof curbs, arched double doors with glass panels, belt courses, porthole dormers, tall chimneys with decorated caps. Eyebrow-like window heads and paneled frieze boards. A two-shelled dome with four clocks crowns the building. The Court House is surrounded by native hardwood trees. On the southeast corner of the square is a Civil War cannon. A World War II cannon is sited on the southwest corner of the square. On the Northwest corner is a World War II tank.</p><br>
<p>East Center Street</p><br>
<p>101, 103, 105 East Center Street- Saemann Building; Italianate, 1883 (N). The Saemann Building: 1883, the three story Italianate brick structure. The boxed metal cornice wraps the south and west sides with friezes decoration and brackets, each façade have a decorated metal pediment, windows have arches with radiating brick voussoirs with metal keystones and metal lug sills.</p><br>
<p>Just east of the courthouse is the Saemann Building, which also served as the Masonic Lodge. The 1883 Italianate building features an elaborately bracketed cornice and a broken pediment bearing the Masons&#39; distinctive emblem. Other smaller, less ornate commercial buildings from this period include the R. H. Hitzler Building and the H. S. Biggs Building.</p><br>
<p>107 East Center Street: c. 1890, redesigned c. 1935, 2 stories, masonry and stucco, glass block windows.</p><br>
<p>111 East Center Street: c. 1920, brick laid in running bond, soldier course brick over second floor windows, cut stone sills.</p><br>
<p>115, 117 East Center Street:</p><br>
<p>The Eagles Building: 1930, three stories with brick pilasters with stone capitals, stone coping, rectangular panels with rowlock brick and square stone corners, brick laid in header bond, soldier course brick over second and third floor windows, cut stone sills. Built for the Fraternal Order of Eagles by Mr. Hodges, designed by Mr. Jesse T. Osborn.</p><br>
<p>119 East Center Street: Widaman-McDonald Building; Craftsman, 1916 (N). is two stories with 500 seat theatre and stage behind. The end bays of the south façade are defined by brick pilasters and each has a projected wood frame bay supported by decorative brackets. Brick is laid in stretcher bond, second floor windows have soldier course brick laid on steel lintels and cut stone lugsills.</p><br>
<p>Indiana Street</p><br>
<p>Times Building: Twentieth Century Functional, c.1946 (N).</p><br>
<p>121 Indiana Street:: Kosciusko County Jail; Gothic Revival, 1870/1937/1964 (G. O. Garnsey, architect; Richard Epperson, builder) (O) NR.</p><br>
<p>At corner of Main Street: Kosciusko County Jail (Corner Main & Indiana Streets): 1870, three story "Gothic Revival" building designed by Mr. George Garnsey and built by Mr. Richard Epperson.</p><br>
<p>South Buffalo Street</p><br>
<p>206 South Buffalo Street: Commercial Building; Italianate, 204 c.1880 (N).</p><br>
<p>North Buffalo Street</p><br>
<p>118 North Buffalo Street: Commercial Building: c. 1890, two story brick with one story brick addition in front, c. 1920.</p><br>
<p>116 North Buffalo Street: Commercial Building: c. 1920, two-story brick structure.</p><br>
<p>114 North Buffalo Street: The Humpty Dumpty Restaurant: c. 1890, Italianate with boxed cornice, brackets and frieze decoration.</p><br>
<p>112 North Buffalo Street: Commercial building: c. 1910, one story masonry with columns.</p><br>
<p>108 North Buffalo Street: Commercial Building; Italianate, c.1890 (N).</p><br>
<p>South Lake Street</p><br>
<p>USA Post Office: Colonial Revival, 1931 (James A. Wetmore, architect; Ideal</p><br>
<p>Construction Company, contractor) (O).</p><br>
<p>North Lake Street</p><br>
<p>201 First Christian Church: Gothic Revival, 1889 (O).</p><br>
<p>Kekerten Island is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. Southernmost of the Kikastan Islands, it is located in the Cumberland Sound, off Baffin Island&#39;s Cumberland Peninsula. Akulagok Island forms Kekerten Harbour with the island. Tuapait Island lies to the north. Beacon Island, Kekertukdjuak Island, Miliakdjuin Island, Tesseralik Island, and Ugpitimik Island are in the vicinity.</p><br>
<p>Kekerten Territorial Park is located on the island.</p><br>
<p>Scottish whalers had been fishing in the Cumberland Sound since the early 19th century and with the arrival of the American whalers in the 1850s winter stations were established. The Aberdeen whaler, Cpt. William Penny spent several winters around 1883-84 at Kekerten. In 1915, Kekerten was purchased by Robert Kinnes & Co. and operated as a trading post until it was sold to the Hudson&#39;s Bay Company in 1923. With the establishment of the main HBC post at Pangnirtung, Kekerten was abandoned in 1925.</p><br>
<p>The Pennsylvania Railroad Station in Hobart, Indiana, also known as The Pennsy Depot, was built in 1911. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The first railroad to reach Hobart in 1858 was the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway (PFW&C) which later became part of the Pennsylvania Railroad. This was followed by the New York, Chicago & St. Louis (NYC&StL) or ‘Nickel Plate’ in 1882. The Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway (EJ&E) crossed both of these line in Hobart in 1888. The EJ&E maintained crossing towers at each crossing. The ‘Ho Tower” was at the Nickel Plate Crossing on the south side and the ‘Bart Tower” at the PFW&C crossing on the east side of town.</p><br>
<p>The first PFW&C depot was made of wood n in 1858 and burned down. The second depot was removed in 1911 to make way for the 3rd Street – Highway 51 crossing and the new brick ‘Pennsy Depot’ constructed.</p><br>
<p>The station was designed by Price & McDanahan in a Colonial Revival style using the local pressed brick. It’s outstanding features include the gabled porticoes, curved soffits, ceramic-tile inserts and the semicircular transom windows. It was closed when passenger service ended to Hobart. The ‘Save Our Station Committee of the Hobart Historical Society obtained ownership in 1983. It was transferred to the City of Hobart in 2004.</p><br>
<p>It was a craft shop for several years. In July 2010, the Hobart Chamber of Commerce was using the building for offices.</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>Ball, T. H. Northwestern Indiana from 1800 to 1900. Crown Point, the author, 1900.</p><br>
<p>Grant, H. Roger and Charles W. Bohi. The Country Railroad Station in America. Boulder, Colorado, Pruett Publishing Co., 1978.</p><br>
<p>Hobart Gazette, August 26, 1910.</p><br>
<p>Hobart History Advocate, No. 3, 1983. Clippings and photo files, Hobart Historical Society,</p><br>
<p>Earle, William. "The Early History of Northern Lake County, 11 in Demmon. History of Lake County. Crown Point, Old Settlers&#39; Association, 1934, p. 54.</p><br>
<p>Howatt, W. F. A Standard History of Lake County, Indiana, and the Calumet Region. Chicago, Lewis Publishing Co., 1915. Vol. 1, p. 459.</p><br>
<p>Moore, Powell. The Calumet Region. Indianapolis, Indiana, Historical Burea, 1959.</p><br>
<p>Crown Point Courthouse Square Historic District in Crown Point, Indiana dates back to 1873. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. Its boundaries were changed in 2005, and it was increased in 2007 to include a Moderne building at 208 Main Street.</p><br>
<p>The late nineteenth and early twentieth century commercial and public buildings represent a period of economic and political growth.</p><br>
<p>The Lake County Courthouse stands in the center of the district. Designed by architect John C. Cochrane in 1878, this brick building is a combination of Romanesque Revival and Classical styles. Enlarged in 1909 with the addition of north and south wings, designed by Beers and Beers. Continue growth in the county required second enlargement in 1928. This local landmark was placed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The commercial buildings surrounding the courthouse include examples of the most common styles of the late nineteenth century. The I.O.O.F. Building, and the commercial buildings at 103 West Joliet Street and 102 South Main Street are Italianate Commercial with decorative pressed-metal details. The Allman Block is the Romanesque Revival style on the square. These structures were built from 1880 to 1891.</p><br>
<p>The early twentieth century architecture include the 1908 Carnegie Library and the Masonic Lodge next to each other on South Main. The Masonic Lodge is a Colonial Revival style building built c. 1920. Across Main Street are two other examples of the Colonial Revival, the Lake County Criminal Court Building and the Community Center, also from the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The Lake County Sheriff&#39;s House and Jail, built in 1882, is Second Empire style. These are the first permanent buildings for this purpose. The jail was expanded in 1910. The bulk of the existing two-story building was completed in 1934. This is the jail from which John Dillinger escaped in March 1934 while being held on murder charges. The jail was closed in 1974, and placed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Significant Buildings</h2><br>
<p>Clark St (North Side)</p><br>
<p>106 Commercial Bldg, Vernacular c. 1890.</p><br>
<p>Joliet St (South Side)</p><br>
<p>115 Commercial Bldg, Vernacular c. 1920</p><br>
<p>113 Commercial Bldg, Vernacular c. 1900</p><br>
<p>111 Commercial Bldg, Minas Bldg c. 1937</p><br>
<p>107 Commercial Bldg, I.O.O.F, Italianate c. 1880 (N)</p><br>
<p>105 Commercial Bldg, Italianate 1878</p><br>
<p>103 Commercial Bldg, Italianate 1878</p><br>
<p>Hark Court (South Side)</p><br>
<p>105-107 Commercial Bldg, Vernacular, c. 1900</p><br>
<p>North Court St (West Side)</p><br>
<p>1 Commercial Bldg, Vernacular, c. 1890</p><br>
<p>5 Commercial Bldg, Italianate, c. 1890</p><br>
<p>9 Commercial Bldg, Vernacular, c. 1920</p><br>
<p>13 Commercial Bldg, Vernacular, c. 1920</p><br>
<p>15 Commercial Bldg, Vernacular, c. 1920</p><br>
<p>19 Theater, Art Deco, c. 1940</p><br>
<p>21 Stan-Register Paper Building, Vernacular, c. 1910</p><br>
<p>103 Community Center, Colonial Revival, c. 1925</p><br>
<p>105 Solon Robinson Historical Marker, 1834</p><br>
<p>&#39;South Main St (West Side)</p><br>
<p>Crown Point Carnegie Library Historical Marker, 1908</p><br>
<p>223 Crown Point Carnegie Library, Colonial Revival, 1908</p><br>
<p>225 Masonic Temple, Colonial Revival, c. 1920 (N)</p><br>
<p>209-211 Commercial Bldg, Vernacular, 1930</p><br>
<p>99 Lake County Courthouse</p><br>
<p>Lake County Courthouse Historical Marker, 1874</p><br>
<p>North Main St (West Side)</p><br>
<p>1 Allman Block, Romanesque Revival, 1891, (Amos Allman Building)(N)</p><br>
<p>103-105 Commercial Bldg., Vernacular, c. 1920</p><br>
<p>113 Commercial Bldg, Italianate, 1896</p><br>
<p>116 Commercial Bldg, Vernacular, c. 1910</p><br>
<p>South Main St (East Side)</p><br>
<p>Lake County Sheriff’s House & Jail Historical Marker, 1882</p><br>
<p>212 Lake County Sheriff’s House, Second Empire, 1882 (O)</p><br>
<p>230 Lake County Criminal Court, Colonial Revival, c. 1920 (O)</p><br>
<p>208-210 Commercial Bldg, Vernacular, c. 1900</p><br>
<p>204 Commercial Bldg, Vernacular, c. 1920</p><br>
<p>138 Bank, Neoclassical, c. 1915 (O)</p><br>
<p>136-132 Commercial Bldg, Italianate, 1878 (N)</p><br>
<p>120 Commercial Bldg, Italianate, 1881</p><br>
<p>112 Commercial Bldg, Italianate, c. 1880</p><br>
<p>110 Commercial Bldg, Gable-front, c. 1860</p><br>
<p>108 Commercial Bldg, Vernacular, c. 1910</p><br>
<p>102 Commercial Bldg, Italianate, c. 1880</p><br>
<p>100 Commercial Bldg, Italianate, c. 1880</p><br>
<p>North Main St (East Side)</p><br>
<p>108-110 Commercial Bldg, Vernacular, c. 1890</p><br>
<p>116 Bastiani Building, Vernacular 1926</p><br>
<p>South East St (West Side)</p><br>
<p>213 Lake County Jail, Vernacular, 1934, (O) NR</p><br>
<p>211 Industrial Bldg, Vernacular, c. 1930</p><br>
<p>CP 103-9 IOOF 2014 047.jpg107 Joliet St - Commercial Bldg, I.O.O.F, Italianate c. 1880 (N)</p><br>
<p>CP Solon R 105 N Court 2015-04-24 042.jpg105 Solon Robinson Historical Marker, 1834</p><br>
<p>CP 1 N Main - Allison Block P9290054.jpg1 N. Main - Allman Block, Romanesque Revival, 1891, (Amos Allman Building)(N)</p><br>
<p>CP Criminal Court 2015 015.jpg230 S. Main - Lake County Criminal Court, Colonial Revival, c. 1920 (O)</p><br>
<p>Carnegie Library 089.jpg223 S. Main - Crown Point Carnegie Library, Colonial Revival, 1908</p><br>
<p>CP Criminal Court 2015 015.jpg225 S. Main - Masonic Temple, Colonial Revival, c. 1920 (N)</p><br>
<p>CP Sheriff&#39;s House 2015 022.jpg212 S. Main - Lake County Sheriff’s House, Second Empire, 1882 (O) with the 213 S. Main - Lake County Jail, Vernacular, 1934, (O) NR in back.</p><br>
<p>CP 138 SMain 2015 026.jpg138 S. Main – Peoples Bank, Neoclassical, c. 1915 (O)</p><br>
<p>CP 132-34 S Main - 1873 Block P9290073.jpg136-132 S. Main - Commercial Bldg, Italianate, 1878 (N)</p><br>
<p>The Hotel Majestic St. Louis in St. Louis, Missouri, United States  is a restored 91-room historic hotel built in 1913–1914. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Majestic Hotel has 72,000 ft2 of space, nine stories and 109 ft tall at its maximum height, and is based on a steel frame. It also has brick curtain walls</p><br>
<p>and concrete floors. The hotel was designed as a tri-part structure, including a base, shaft, and capital, and is divided by the use of white terra cotta.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Majestic Hotel</h3><br>
<p>First opened near the end of September, 1914, the hotel is one of St. Louis few hotels which date from before World War I. The buildings Renaissance Revival design is an example of common styles in St. Louis architecture in the 1920s. The hotel was built to serve middle-class guests, but it had advanced fireproofing, two restaurants, and a rathskeller.</p><br>
<p>In 1913, construction for the hotel began, replacing a three-story building. The hotel cost about $250,000 to build. However, it is unclear who designed the hotel. Plans for the hotel give credit to Harry F. Roach, while building permits list the architect as Albert B. Groves. Both men were well-known St. Louis architects who had each designed various other hotels, but were never in partnership.</p><br>
<h3>Desoto Hotel</h3><br>
<p>The Majestic Hotel was later renamed the DeSoto Hotel and still served guests until 1979, when it was announced that the building would be replaced with a parking garage due to the high cost needed to restore the building so it could meet more recent building codes. However, the hotel was given to new owners, and they planned to renovate the building for office space. called Majestic Associates, used $7 million to restore the building into a luxury hotel, called the Hotel Majestic. Southwestern Bell also spent $15 million in 1987 to renovate the building.</p><br>
<h3>Crowne Plaza and Omni Majestic Hotel</h3><br>
<p>In 1996, the hotel was sold for $4.3 million to Bray & Gillespie LLC, which operated it under Crowne Plaza.</p><br>
<p>The Samuel M. Nickerson House, located at 40 East Erie Street in the Near North Side neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, is a Chicago Landmark. It was designed by Edward J. Burling of the firm of Burling and Whitehouse and built for Samuel and Mathilda Nickerson in 1883. Samuel M. Nickerson was a prominent figure in the rising national banking industry, who was said to have owned at one point more national bank stock than anyone else in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and today is home to the Richard H. Driehaus Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Nickerson House was designed by one Chicago&#39;s earliest prominent architects, Edward J. Burling (1819–1892) of Burling and Whitehouse. In addition, three decorators were contracted for the interiors: William August Fiedler (1843–1903) and R. W. Bates & Co. of Chicago, and New York-based George A. Schastey & Co. The three-story, 24,000 square-foot Nickerson House was reported to be the largest and most extravagant private residence in Chicago at the time of its completion. (This distinction would be transferred to the Palmer Mansion on the Gold Coast several years later.) Nickerson spared no expense, spending $450,000 on the construction and decoration of his home.</p><br>
<p>The mansions Italianate exterior is limestone and Ohio sandstone. Although elegant, the restrained design of the façade belies the wealth of detail found within. The houses interiors are decorated with a large amount of marble (17 types, giving it the nickname of the "Marble Palace"), onyx, alabaster, carved and inlaid wood, glazed and patterned tiles by Minton Hollins & Co. and J. & J. G. Low Art Tile Works, mosaics, and Lincrusta.</p><br>
<p>With a majority of its original features intact, the building today is a well-preserved example of the Aesthetic Movement as translated into the design of homes for wealthy Americans in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This is seen in the wide variety of highly ornamented styles stemming from Japanese, Chinese, English, French, Moorish, ancient Greek, Renaissance Italian, and other influences. With its profusion of motifs and materials, the Nickerson House is indicative of the Victorian love for display as well as the general architectural mood emerging in Chicago in the years before the 1893 World&#39;s Columbian Exposition.</p><br>
<h3>Fireproofing</h3><br>
<p>Construction on Nickerson House began in 1879, shortly after the 1871 Great Chicago Fire and the resulting development of city ordinances for the fireproofing of masonry structures. The mansion was lauded as one of the first truly fireproof residences in the city. The masonry is brick, with partition walls carried up to the roof. Beneath the highly decorative flooring boards are flooring strips bedded in mortar, followed by brick arches supported by iron beams.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was commissioned by Samuel Mayo Nickerson, one of the founders of the First National Bank in Chicago and Union Stockyards National Bank, as well as having interests in liquor and wine businesses and an explosives company during the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>Nickerson, his wife Mathilda Pinkham Crosby, and their son Roland lived in the house from 1883 to 1900. The mansion was used for many social gatherings characteristic of the Gilded Age, including a masquerade ball and a number of receptions. It also served as exhibition space in which the Nickersons displayed their renowned art collection of American and European paintings and drawings, Indian jewelry, and Japanese and Chinese ivories and curios. In 1900 the Nickerson Collection was donated to the Art Institute of Chicago.</p><br>
<p>After the Great Fire, the Near North Side became a fashionable neighborhood for prominent Chicago business owners like Nickerson. Because the area was home to Cyrus H. McCormick, his brothers William S. McCormick and Leander J. McCormick, and their descendents, whose mansions were mainly concentrated along Rush Street, the neighborhood was known as McCormickville. Other notable residents of the Gilded Age period include Ransom R. Cable, Lambert Tree, Perry H. Smith, Joseph T. Ryerson, and Edward T. Blair.</p><br>
<p>Upon retiring from his position as president of the First National Bank of Chicago in 1900, Nickerson sold the house to Lucius George Fisher, the president of Union Bag & Paper Co., who owned the house until his death in 1916. After purchasing the house, Fisher hired the Prairie School architect George Washington Maher to redesign Nickersons art gallery, making it into a trophy room and rare book library. Among other features, Maher had a stained glass dome built to replace the rooms skylight. As part of the remodeling, new book cases and a monumental mantlepiece, attributed to Robert E. Seyfarth who was an architect in Maher&#39;s office at the time, were installed in the gallery. The iridescent glass tile fire surround of the mantle was created by the Chicago firm of Giannini & Hilgart.</p><br>
<p>The familys decision to sell the mansion after Fishers death in 1916 sparked what is believed to be Chicagos first successful preservation effort. After the house remained on the market for three years without a buyer, a group of prominent Chicagoans, including Cyrus Hall McCormick II, William Wrigley, Jr., and Julius Rosenwald, were concerned about the possible demolition of the magnificent residence. The group raised the money to purchase the house as a civic effort, and in 1919 presented the deed to the American College of Surgeons. This gift spurred the College of Surgeons decision to make Chicago its headquarters. From 1919 to 1965, the organization utilized the former Nickerson residence as administrative offices and meeting rooms.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>The house was acquired by Chicago businessman Richard Driehaus in 2003 who has since restored and opened the property to the public as the Richard H. Driehaus Museum in 2008. The rooms display some furnishings original to the Nickerson period as well as Driehaus&#39; private collection of late 19th and early 20th-century decorative arts objects, including a large private collection of statues, paintings, furniture, and Louis Comfort Tiffany glass.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>When the restoration began in 2003, the building itself was deemed in good condition. It was, however, very dirty. One of the most noteworthy elements of the restoration focused on cleaning the exterior. The facade is predominantly porous sandstone, which had over the years had accumulated a thick crust of grime and pollutants. The formerly light gray stone had become a deep, dark black. Traditional methods to blast away or clean the pollutants with chemicals were deemed unsuitable, and the exterior was cleaned by lasers. This was the first time an entire building had been cleaned using this method in United States, although it is commonly utilized in Europe for cleaning sculptures.</p><br>
<p>The restoration, which transformed the old Nickerson House into the Richard H. Driehaus Museum, won a Chicago Landmark Award for Preservation Excellence in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Mount Prindle is a granitic mountain in the Yukon-Tanana Uplands, and is located approximately 45 mi north-northeast of Fairbanks, Alaska. The plutons that form the core of the Mount Prindle massif are Late Cretaceous or early Tertiary age. These plutons intruded older  metamorphic rocks. Mount Prindle exhibits classic glacial landforms, unlike most of the surrounding Yukon-Tanana Uplands. It is in the Circle Mining District and many of the surrounding creeks have been or are being mined for placer gold. The area has also been prospected for tin and rare earth minerals. Mine roads and hiking trails provide access to the mountain. A 900 ft granite wall on an eastern spur of the massif is an attraction for rock climbers.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is named for Louis Marcus Prindle (1865–1956), a USA Geological Survey geologist, who worked in the Fairbanks, Circle, and Fortymile areas of Alaska from 1902 through 1911.</p><br>
<p>__TOC__</p><br>
<p>Taborian Hospital opened in 1942 to great fanfare by the International Order of Twelve Knights and Daughters of Tabor. Everyone on the staff, including doctors and nurses, were black. The facilities included two major operating rooms, an x-ray machine, incubators, electrocardiograph, blood bank, and laboratory. Operating costs came almost entirely from membership dues and other voluntary contributions.</p><br>
<p>The first chief surgeon of the hospital was T.R.M. Howard, who later became an important civil rights leader in Mississippi and mentor to both Medgar Evers and Fannie Lou Hamer, who was often a patient at the hospital.</p><br>
<p>After years of financial pressure, the hospital lost its fraternal status in 1967 when the federal government took it over and put it under the authority of the Office of Economic Opportunity. The hospital, renamed as the Mound Bayou Community Hospital, finally closed in 1983.</p><br>
<p>During the 1990s, the Knights and Daughters of Tabor began a continuing campaign to renovate the original hospital building which has been empty for many years.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, work began to restore the hospital and create a regional medical center. When completed, half of the building will serve as an urgent care facility, which will utilize telemedicine in collaboration with the University of Mississippi Medical Center. During construction, effort will be placed on maintaining the historic integrity of the building.</p><br>
<p>The Hudson Historic District includes most of downtown Hudson, New York, United States, once called "one of the richest dictionaries of architectural history in New York State". It is a 139 acre area stretching from the citys waterfront on the east bank of the Hudson River to almost its eastern boundary, with a core area of 45 blocks. It has 756 contributing properties, most of which date from the citys founding in 1785 to the mid-1930s. In 1985 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It includes part of Hudsons original Front Street-Parade Hill-Lower Warren Street Historic District, excluding portions which were demolished soon after that district was designated in 1970. It is one of the rare downtowns to have followed the grid plan laid out by its 18th-century founders through the present day, and Warren Street, its main artery, is New Yorks most intact 19th-century main commercial street.</p><br>
<p>The oldest buildings in the district reflect the city&#39;s post-Revolutionary origins as a safe harbor for New England whalers, a past alluded to today by the whales on the street signs. It later became an industrial center, with areas of worker housing and grand homes of factory owners in its downtown. In the early 20th century, the rise of officially-tolerated prostitution on what is today Columbia Street made the city known as "the little town with the big red-light district."</p><br>
<p>Historic preservation efforts since the districts establishment have helped spur the citys economic renewal. Shortly after the district was designated, antiques dealers began setting up shops on Warren Street, leading eventually to what The New York Times described as "the best antiques shopping in the Northeast". Art galleries followed, and many weekend visitors have relocated to Hudson full-time, including some celebrities. The new arrivals have restored old houses they have purchased. The city has established a Historic Preservation Commission to protect the district&#39;s historic character.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district is irregularly shaped but generally follows the northwest-southeast rectangle of the citys grid, centering with the nine-by-five-block area along Warren Street, Hudsons main artery, which is almost entirely within it, and The western end takes in the area on the west side of Front Street and the city&#39;s waterfront. A block of Warren connects this one to central area of the district, bounded by the rear property lines on Warren in the north and Allen Street to the south. It contains 748 contributing buildings, five contributing structures and three contributing objects.</p><br>
<p>At South Third Street (NY 9G/23B), it excludes a modern building on the southeast corner of the intersection but then includes all the properties on the east side down to a former railroad right-of-way. A northern bulge includes the properties along North Fourth Street to State Street to take in the library, and on the north side of that intersection. At the eastern end the district boundary follows the railroad tracks to North Seventh Street, extends east along Warren Street, at that point part of US 9.</p><br>
<p>Here the district extends north of Warren again, taking in properties on North Sixth and North Seventh up to State Street, and part of Columbia Street as well. Another section juts out along Warren and Columbia to Eighth Street, just below the hospital and the nearby Rossman-Prospect Avenue Historic District; this was an area that housed workers at an iron works to the north. After taking in part of Union Street, it meets the southern boundary at the former railroad tracks across from South Seventh Street.</p><br>
<p>The land within this district is heavily developed, with a mixed-use character predominating. Storefronts predominate at street level in its core areas along Allen, Union and Warren streets. A few larger residences are located near the center of the district on those streets; smaller ones predominate on the quieter side streets. Public buildings like the Columbia County courthouse and post office are located around the junction of Warren and South Fourth. There are several churches and industrial buildings scattered throughout the district, and three major open areas: Promenade Park at the west end, Courthouse Square, and the square bounded by Columbia, North Seventh and Warren streets and Park Place in the east end.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hudson was one of the first planned cities in America. Long after its founders and their industry had died, their plan continued to guide its growth.</p><br>
<h3>18th century</h3><br>
<p>For most of the colonial period and during the Revolution, Hudson was a small waterfront area with little development known as Claverack Landing. That began to change in 1783 when a group of New England whalers, many of them Quakers, came west looking for somewhere they could put their ships where the British could not easily find them and destroy them. Claverack Landing, between what were then two small bays near the furthest point up the Hudson River accessible to oceangoing ships, seemed ideal. They bought the land from a Dutch settler in the area. Calling themselves the Proprietors, they divided the land into lots of equal size and made an agreement that they would either settle their land themselves or sell it at cost.</p><br>
<p>By 1785 enough settlers had arrived from Nantucket and Rhode Island that they were able to incorporate as a city, the first in New York since independence and the third in the state. They set aside the high ground today known as Promenade Hill overlooking the water at the district&#39;s west end as a "Parade", an open leisure ground for the citizens. Some disassembled their New England houses and reconstructed them on the 50 by lots they had divided their land into.</p><br>
<p>Those who built new homes used the vernacular traditions of the New England ports they had come from, building center-chimney frame houses such as 116 Union Street. They generally eschewed the Dutch traditions of the Hudson Valley. The gambrel roof on 126 Union Street is not inspired by the many ones on Dutch buildings in the area but by older New England models.</p><br>
<p>They established the city&#39;s grid pattern of streets, long before many of them were built on or even built. Gangways 20 ft wide were laid out between long streets, creating the alleys that still exist. Warren Street was intended to be the main commercial street, with Fourth providing the north-south axis. Three years after the city was founded, a visiting European described a thriving commercial city.</p><br>
<p>In 1800 the city had 4,000 residents, with the area out to Sixth Street established. Hudson remained within this grid for most of the next century. Within it a pattern was established that persists today, with the area north of Warren primarily home to the local working class and the blocks to the south the streets of the affluent.</p><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>The early years of the new century saw the children of the citys founders build their homes in the new Federal style. The earliest are the many two-story, five-bay brick houses on Front Street and the western sections of Union and Warren. Most remain within the New England structural models of the citys earliest houses, continuing to set Hudsons Federal buildings apart from those erected in surrounding communities. Later applications, like the Robert Jenkins House at 113 Warren, show the styles maturity with marble detailing, elliptical fanlights, and restrained proportions.</p><br>
<p>After the War of 1812 and the British blockade, the American whaling industry slackened for a while but then revived in the 1830s. This economic boom manifested itself architecturally with the Greek Revival. Many were built, including a large concentration on Columbia Street east of Park Place. Notable single examples are the ornate Curtis House at 32 Warren and the temple houses at 51 Partition Street and 738 Warren. Around 1850, the embrace of the Picturesque mode changed the city&#39;s architectural mix, integrating it more closely with the region, where the Carpenter Gothic style championed by Andrew Jackson Downing had first gained popularity.</p><br>
<p>This boom subsided as petroleum began to displace whale oil throughout the 1840s. The construction of the Hudson River Railroad later in that decade cut the city off from its harbor, ending its days as a whaling center. But it, and the Erie Canal-related traffic along the river, gave it new life as an industrial center. As in many other Northeastern cities, textile manufacturing developed. Brickyards prospered as well, and the Allen Paper Car Wheel Works became the business associated with the city. The Cornelius H. Evans House, at 414-416 Warren Street, is the most emblematic of this era of the city&#39;s development. It is a large brick Second Empire house that was home to a successful local brewer/bottler and his family.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>The industries launched in the 19th century had begun to decline by that centurys end, but the citys economy remained strong. Warren & Wetmore designed a new county courthouse in 1900, and its Classical Revival design was echoed by smaller porticoes on the new post office built across the street a decade later. The grid had become almost built out by this time, and the western areas, near the waterfront, were now heavily industrialized and less desirable as a residential neighborhood. There are a few examples of early 20th-century styles scattered around the district, such as the former YMCA building at 521 Union Street.</p><br>
<p>Most new development in the early 20th century was concentrated on Warren Street. Four churches and one school were built. During that time, the city&#39;s economy found a new mainstay: prostitution. Old homes along Diamond Street were converted into brothels, until 15 were in operation. The city was known for its red-light district around the country and even overseas. Gangsters like Legs Diamond were frequent customers, and their influence and the money they spread around helped foster the corruption of local police and government officials that let the brothels flourish. It ended in 1950 when the state police raided the brothels on Diamond, now renamed Columbia Street, and arrested many of their owners. Many never returned to the city and the brothels never reopened.</p><br>
<p>No new industry followed in the wake of their decline, and as the late 20th century began the city declined again. In 1970 the western portion of the current district was listed on the then-new National Register as the Front Street-Parade Hill-Lower Warren Street Historic District. The listing was not enough to prevent the demolition of some older structures on Front Street; and when the current district was created in 1985, those areas were excluded. A total of 48 properties from the previous district are extant and listed in the current one.</p><br>
<h2>Significant contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Two of the buildings within the district have been listed on the National Register in their own right, one prior to its creation and one since. Several others are notable within it.</p><br>
<h3>National Register of Historic Places</h3><br>
<p>Cornelius H. Evans House: This 1861 brick Second Empire house at 414-416 Warren Street was built by a local brewer, later twice elected mayor, and remains one of the city&#39;s best-known. In 1974 it became the first building in downtown Hudson to be listed on the Register.</p><br>
<p>USA Post Office: This 1911 brick building at 402 Union Street is one of twelve in New York designed by James Knox Taylor, supervising architect for the Treasury Department in the early 20th century. He had begun to introduce classical ornamentation to the brick Colonial Revival style preferred for post offices, and designed for Hudson two Roman-inspired porticoes similar to those on the county courthouse across the square. In 1988 it was one of the many New York post offices listed on the Register from a statewide Multiple Property Submission.</p><br>
<h3>Others</h3><br>
<p>Columbia County Courthouse: A 1900 Classical Revival structure, designed by Warren & Wetmore, fronting on Courthouse Square from the south.</p><br>
<p>Commercial building at 260 Warren Street: A rare surviving Greek Revival commercial building with stone post and lintels.</p><br>
<p>House at 116 Union Street: This is one of the strongest examples of New England vernacular architecture from the city&#39;s early days, built around 1785.</p><br>
<p>Old City Hall: This late (1854) Greek Revival brick building at 327 Warren Street was the most important public building in the district for many years.</p><br>
<p>Robert Jenkins House: A brick Federal house of one of the city&#39;s early mayors at 113 Warren Street. This is one of the most mature examples of the style in Hudson.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In 2003 the city created a Historic Preservation Commission to review applications for new construction in the district, or exterior modifications to existing buildings that go beyond routine maintenance. It consists of seven members appointed by the mayor. At least one must be an architect, one a historian, and one live in the district. All must have an interest in preservation.</p><br>
<p>It meets once a month, or more often if its agenda requires. In addition to reviewing applications, it also considers city landmark designations.</p><br>
<p>The Hiram Baldwin House, also known as the Baldwin-Wackerle Residence, is a Frank Lloyd Wright designed Prairie school home located at 205 Essex Road in Kenilworth, Illinois. Built in 1905, the house was part of Wrights primary period of development of the Prairie School. The house has a centrifugal floor plan with a north-south axis and wings containing the living room and stair tower. The exterior is stucco with wood stripping, and the roof is low-pitched, both typical features of the Prairie School. The living room uses its fireplace as a focal point and has curved walls with casement windows. The houses garden space is divided by wooden screens to form courtyards, an element inspired by Japanese architecture. The house is Wright&#39;s only residential work in Kenilworth.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 28, 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Warren Hickox House, also known as the Hickox/Brown house, is a Frank Lloyd Wright house in the Prairie School style in Kankakee, Illinois, United States. The house design is similar to two articles Wright published in the Ladies&#39; Home Journal.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Warren Hickox, Jr. ran a real estate and loan business in Kankakee, Illinois. Warren was the brother of Anna Hickox Bradley, who lived next door in another Wright design, the B. Harley Bradley House. The house was modeled after two articles that Wright wrote for the Ladies Home Journal. The interior is adapted from "A Home in a Prairie Town" and the exterior is based on "A Small House with Lots of Room in It". These designs themselves may have been based on "Primitive Chinese House", an article in Histoire de lHabitation Humaine, depuis les Temps Préhistoriques Jusqu&#39;à nos Jours by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. The builder may have used the Hickox House as a temporary headquarters while the Bradley House was still under construction.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The exterior walls are covered in white plaster, decorated with stained woodwork. Interior walls are also plaster with a sand finish. The house retains much of its original integrity except for the removal of the kitchen entrance and south terrace. The house is considered a "mature" example of Wright&#39;s Prairie school designs and has been called "one of the single most significant houses" designed by Wright. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 3, 1978. On August 22, 1986, the house was also listed as part of the Riverview Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Mastekranen  is an 18th-century masting sheer and present landmark on Holmen in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was designed by architect Philip de Lange and built in 1748–51 as part of the Royal Naval Shipyard at Holmen.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Under the reign of Frederick III, Holmen was established through a series of land reclamations to replace the naval base and shipyard at Bremerholm. The first ship to be set to sea from Nyholm was Dannebrog in 1692 and in the following years the construction of all major vessels gradually moved there. The facilities at Holmen were constantly expanded over the next centuries.</p><br>
<p>Earlier the building of sailing ships had not required sheers to erect their mast, as it could be lifted into place by ropes and allowed to pivot around its foot. As ships became larger, it was no longer possible to mount their masts, taller and heavier, in this fashion. A crane was needed, tall enough to lift the entire mast vertically and then lower it into the ship. It was as a consequence of this development that the Masting Crane on Nyholm was erected in 1748–51. In the late 19th century, the increasing size and capacity of general harbour cranes began to overlap with the lofty but lightweight masting sheers and so their specialisation was no longer required. In 1918 all shipyard activities at Nyholm were discontinued and moved to Frederiksholm.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Masting Crane was designed by Phillip de Lange in the baroque style. While it appears to be a masonry tower with a wooden jib atop, the entire crane is in fact a timber structure with the outer wall only serving as a protective shield against sun, rain and wind. The uppermost wooden structure is kept together by tarred rope to make it more flexible and not to weaken the wood.</p><br>
<p>Even though the Masting Crane is "just" a piece of industrial equipment, it has been designed with gradually lower windows for each floor to create an optical illusion making it appear taller and more imposing.</p><br>
<h2>The Masting Sheer in art</h2><br>
<p>Karwowo is a lake in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in Łobez County, in Gmina Łobez. It is situated about 500 meters from the Rega river and about one kilometer from residential buildings which are a part of the Karwowo village. The area of Karwowo lake equals 33.3 ha, the length is 1.1 km, the maximal depth is 4.2 m, and the average depth is 3.5 m.</p><br>
<p>On the shore of Karwowo lake there are small piers for fishermen. On the east shore there is a small resort and bathing place with parking, campsite, fireplace and overhead protection. The lake is surrounded by a beech forest.</p><br>
<p>Karwowo lake is also home to a variety of fish species, such as tench, esox, perch, roach, common carp or eel. That is why the "fishing district" no. 12 was situated here. The lake is also connected to the Rega river by a canal. Karwowo is a part of so-called "silent zone", established by Polish Fishing Union. It means that all self-propelled vessels are not allowed here.</p><br>
<p>The Kongka Pass  or Kongka La, elevation 5,171 m, is a high mountain pass of the Chang-Chemno Range on the Line of Actual Control. China considers the Kongka Pass as its boundary with India, whereas India regards Lanak Pass further east as the boundary. Sources state that the traditional boundary between Ladakh and Tibet accepted by both sides was at Lanak La., but modern scholars such as Larry Wortzel and Allen S. Whiting consider Kongka Pass to be the traditional border.</p><br>
<h2>Kongka Pass incident</h2><br>
<p>In October 1959, Indian troops crossed the Kongka Pass in an attempt to establish posts on the Lanak Pass. This resulted in a clash with the Chinese soldiers posted on Kongka Pass. Of the 70 Indian soldiers, nine were killed and ten were taken prisoner. Chinese soldiers reportedly suffered one death. Indian media described the event a "brutal massacre of an Indian policy party." The incident preceded the Sino-Indian War in 1962.</p><br>
<p>Marion is a neighborhood in the town of Southington in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. It is generally the area in the vicinity of the intersection of Route 322 and Marion Avenue just north of the Cheshire town line.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood includes the Marion Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Post office</h2><br>
<p>There is a post office in Marion, assigned the ZIP code 06444. When the post office was established in the 19th century, it was given the name "Marion" in reference to Marion, Alabama, where some children of prominent local residents had settled. The Marion ZIP code refers only to post office box addresses. Regular mail in the Marion neighborhood is addressed as Plantsville, Connecticut (06479).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Marion was first settled as a farming community in the 18th century, beginning in 1739 when land in the Marion area was surveyed and divided. Southington was then part of the town of Farmington. The area now known as Marion was called "Little Plain" and extended south from the bluff now named French Hill to the Cheshire town line, which was south of its current position. Little Plains location near the foot of a high ridge made its soil desirable for agriculture. The communitys 18th-century farms were located along a north-south road from Bristol to New Haven (now Marion Avenue) that passed through the area.</p><br>
<p>During the American Revolutionary War, the Marion community was the site of an encampment by French general Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau and his troops. In June 1781, French troops under Rochambeaus command left Farmington and marched 13 mi to Marion, where they made their eighth camp along their route through Connecticut. They remained in the area for four days. Rochambeau and his officers took shelter in Asa Barness Tavern, and the troops set up camp on a hill on the other side of the road. The area of the encampment has since become known as French Hill, and a marker on the east side of Marion Avenue commemorates the French campsite. Rochambeau revisited Asa Barness Tavern again on the return march on October 27, 1782. In 1987, the Asa Barness Tavern (also known as the Levi B. Frost House) was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural and historical significance. The Tavern is now a private residence at 1089 Marion Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The Meriden-Waterbury Turnpike, an east-west road, was extended through Marion in 1813, making the community a crossroads. Small-scale industrial activity began in the 19th century, including the manufacture of carriage bolts and nuts in the factory of L.B. Frost and Son, which began operation in Marion in 1842, using the water power of Humiston Brook.</p><br>
<p>In modern times, Marion has primarily been a suburban community. Suburban development began in 1914, when a trolley line was built between Marion and the city of Waterbury. Suburban growth continued in the subsequent decades. The period from the late 1960s through the late 1980s was one of particularly strong growth.</p><br>
<h2>Historic district designation</h2><br>
<p>The Marion Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 21, 1988, as a result of a nomination submitted by the Connecticut Historical Commission in July 1988. The nomination described the district as being architecturally significant "as a collection of well-preserved buildings dating from the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries which together reflect the historical development of the Marion community of Southington." Contributing properties in the district were described as representing three distinct periods on Marion&#39;s history: "early agricultural development" from about 1770 to 1842, "19th-century industrial activity and community growth" from 1842 to 1900, and "early suburban growth" from 1914 to 1938.</p><br>
<h3>Significant properties</h3><br>
<p>The historic district includes 34 primary contributing properties, two of which are across the town line in the town of Cheshire. Architectural styles in the district include Greek Revival, Italianate and Federal. Some of the more significant properties include:</p><br>
<p>Asa Barnes Tavern (also known as Levi B. Frost House), 1089 Marion Avenue, is now a private residence and in 1987 was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Barnes-Frost House</p><br>
<p>Miles Upson House, 1316 Marion Avenue, a one-story gable front Colonial example, "perhaps the oldest house in the district to retain its original form" (See photo #3 in photos accompanying NRHP nomination)</p><br>
<p>The Lester Beecher House, 1166 Marion Avenue, has been termed a Queen Anne style house for its irregular massing and 3 story tower.</p><br>
<p>Hotel Charlotte was a 13-story hotel in Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, which opened in 1924. It was on the corner of Trade Street and Poplar Street in the Uptown area of Charlotte.</p><br>
<p>While primarily known by the name "Hotel Charlotte", it also operated under the names "Queen Charlotte Hotel" and "White House Inn." It closed for business on December 31, 1973. It was designed by William Lee Stoddart and was a steel-frame building sheathed with sections of gray granite and a buff-colored brick. It housed 250 guest rooms.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 2, 1979.</p><br>
<p>In the years following its closure, attempts were made to find developers who could rehabilitate and preserve the structure. However as the building languished, it was severely vandalized and much of its interior plumbing and wiring stolen by looters. Hotel Charlotte was imploded on November 6, 1988. David Copperfield used the implosion as the setting for his escape in the TV special The Explosive Encounter. Demolition of the building has been cited by critics as symbolic of the city&#39;s disinterest in preserving its past.</p><br>
<p>A restaurant of the same name was created in its honor and reused many interior pieces from the original hotel. The restaurant ceased operations on January 29, 2011.</p><br>
<p>The Rainier Club is a private club in Seattle, Washington; it has been referred to as "Seattle&#39;s preeminent private club." Its clubhouse building, completed in 1904, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was founded in 1888 in what was then the Washington Territory . As of 2008, the club has 1,300 members.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Rainier Club was first proposed at a February 23, 1888 meeting of six Seattle civic leaders; it was formally incorporated July 25, 1888. The attendees of the original meeting were J. R. McDonald, president of the Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway; John Leary, real estate developer and former Seattle mayor; Norman Kelly; R. C. Washburn, editor of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer; Bailey Gatzert, former mayor associated with Schwabachers, Seattles and the state&#39;s most prominent Jewish-owned business of the era; A. B. Stewart; and James McNaught. Other founding members were lawyer Eugene Carr, Judge Thomas Burke, and William Allison Peters.</p><br>
<p>The club is named after British Admiral Peter Rainier. The name may have been chosen because of Seattles rivalry with nearby Tacoma. Tacomans at the time were ardent in their support for the native name "Mount Tacoma" for the mountain now officially known as Mount Rainier. In 1892, the club actually sent a delegation to Washington, D.C. to argue the "Rainier" side of the case. The clubs logo was modeled on that of the Union Club in Victoria, British Columbia, founded 1877.</p><br>
<p>Since territorial law in 1888 did not recognize private clubs, the Rainier Club was initially officially incorporated as a men&#39;s boarding house and restaurant. It reincorporated January 18, 1899 as a private club under a revised 1895 state law.</p><br>
<p>The clubs first home was in part of James McNaughts Fourth Avenue 22-room mansion (on the site of today&#39;s Seattle Central Library). McNaught was happy to have a tenant: he was moving to St. Paul, Minnesota to take a position as chief counsel for the Northern Pacific Railroad. The house also functioned—along with the armory at Fourth and Union—as an interim city hall after the Great Seattle Fire destroyed most of the City in 1889. This brought additional city leaders into the club.</p><br>
<p>However, McNaught and the club did not remain on good terms over the lease. The club relocated briefly to the Bailey Building at Second and Cherry (now Broderick Building, after Henry Broderick); from February 1893, the clubhouse was located in rooms at the then newly erected Seattle Theatre, on the site of today&#39;s Arctic Building. The Rainier Club purchased its current property at Fourth Avenue and Columbia Street in downtown Seattle in 1903. The clubhouse, designed by Spokane, Washington architect Kirtland Cutter was completed and occupied in 1904. Seattle architect Carl F. Gould added the south wing in 1929, plus a Georgian-style entry and interior Art Deco ornamentation.</p><br>
<p>In 1899, the Club was the launch point for many members of the Harriman Alaska Expedition. E. H. Harriman, John Burroughs, John Muir, Edward S. Curtis and Henry Gannett set out to Seal Island and other Bering Sea islands and to the coast of Siberia and the Bering Strait from the Club, and celebrated there on their return.</p><br>
<p>Gifford Pinchot was a guest at the Rainier Club on the trip that led to the creation of the United States Forest Service and Mount Rainier National Park. A decade later, Edward S. Curtis, a club member from 1903 to 1920, accompanied Theodore Roosevelt on Roosevelt&#39;s visit to the then-new park. The Rainier Club has more than 35 photogravures and 27 original signed platinum and silver prints by Curtis from that journey.</p><br>
<p>Club members, including club president I. A. Nadeau and John C. Olmsted of the Olmsted Brothers landscaping firm planned the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition (A-Y-P Exposition) of 1909, which has been said to have "put the City of Seattle on the map." Among the physical legacies of the exposition is the landscaping of the University of Washington campus, which served as the fairground. The Olmsted firm also played a crucial role in the design of Seattle&#39;s system of parks and boulevards.</p><br>
<p>As a private club, the Rainier Club had been exempt from Seattles and Washingtons early experiments in Prohibitionism, but when Washington went dry on a statewide basis in 1916, the club could no longer serve liquor by the drink. Throughout the Prohibition era, the club repeatedly reasserted a policy that "no employee of the Club will be permitted under any circumstances to buy, sell, or have any liquor in their possession for sale on the Club premises." In Walter Crowleys words, "This policy was notably silent on members possession of alcohol…"</p><br>
<p>The Rainier Club was not exempt from the Great Depression. Having built a new wing to the clubhouse in 1929, they soon faced a loss of members and difficulty in recruiting new ones who could afford the dues. In hopes of recruiting new members, the initiation fee was cut in 1932 from $500 to $200, and in October 1933 to $100. At that time, membership had declined from 851 to 615 over the course of 36 months. According to Crowley, the club benefitted greatly from the end of Prohibition: the "bureaucratic tangle" of the states new liquor laws allowed liquor by the drink only in private clubs. Indeed, the 1948 relegalization of liquor by the drink in Washington was followed the next year by a reduction of the clubs initiation fee from $650 to $400.</p><br>
<p>Half a century after the A-Y-P Exposition, Rainier Club members played a nearly equally prominent role in the Century 21 Exposition, Seattles 1962 worlds fair. Most notably, Eddie Carlson, President of Western International Hotels (later Westin), was prime mover of the fair, and most organizing meetings were held at the clubhouse.</p><br>
<p>In 1993, USA president Bill Clinton held two Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) ministerial meetings with Japan and China at the Rainier Club. These were the first APEC meetings in the USA, and the first high-level USA meetings with China since the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.</p><br>
<p>Originally all-white and all-male, the Rainier Club admitted its first Japanese American member, Saburo Nishimuro, November 25, 1966; its first African American member prominent contractor Luther Carr, July 25, 1978; and its first woman member, Judge Betty Fletcher, August 22, 1978. Fletcher was also the first woman head of the Seattle-King County Bar Association. (The Japanese consul to Seattle had been a courtesy Associate Member from 1923 until the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor.)</p><br>
<p>Other prominent members have included several members of the Blethen family (owners of The Seattle Times); and art collectors Dr. Richard Fuller (founder of the Seattle Art Museum) and H. C. Henry (founder of the Henry Art Gallery).</p><br>
<p>Besides the members, prominent visitors to the clubhouse have included Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain), John Philip Sousa, Buffalo Bill Cody, William Howard Taft, Lt. General Arthur MacArthur, General Douglas MacArthur, Babe Ruth, Rear Admiral Robert E. Peary, and the members of the early (1893–1911) Japanese trade delegations to the United States.</p><br>
<p>The Yolo Branch Library is a library that serves the community of Yolo, California. The library, a Carnegie on the National Register of Historic Places, was designed by WH Weeks and built in 1918. It is one of the last Carnegie libraries that still serves as a library.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1910 Yolo County set up its county library system, and the community of Yolo was one of the first areas with a library branch. Funding from Andrew Carnegie was sought for after his recent funding for Woodland Public Library in neighboring Woodland, California. One of Carnegies employees, James Beltram, felt that the county had received their allotment of Carnegie mony, but the county librarian still sought the funding. The Yolo County librarian corresponded with James Beltram for roughly 20 letters when $3,000 was finally offered to construct a new branch in 1917. Once Beltram realized the countys intent of putting the branch in Yolo, he objected to the funding again, this time on the basis that the community was too close to the formerly funded library. Yolo was defended with the fact that its current facilities were out of date and that it served a large rural base.</p><br>
<p>The local residents collected $300 to buy the lot of the future library branch. William Henry Weeks, designer of the Woodland Public Library, was chosen as the architect. The library branch officially opened in 1918, and is still open today. The designs for this branch would later be duplicated for the Santa Cruz Eastside branch library in Santa Cruz, California.</p><br>
<p>The Goetsch–Winckler House, , was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, built in 1940, and is located at 2410 Hulett Rd, Okemos, Michigan. The house is an example of Wright&#39;s later Usonian architectural style, and is considered to be one of the most elegant.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1930s eight professors from Michigan State University, in neighboring East Lansing, formed a co-op and bought a forty acre tract of land in Okemos. Two of them, Alma Goetsch and Kathrine Winckler (or Winkler), approached Wright asking him to design a community for them. Due to lack of financing, the project collapsed and only the Goetsch–Winckler House was built on a different site.</p><br>
<p>After World War II, Wright designed houses separately for several other co-op members, although the only design built was that for Erling P. Brauner, also in Okemos less than a mile and a half from Goetsch–Winckler House.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>One of Wright’s earliest Usonian homes, the house is an "in-line Usonian", literally a house built in a straight line. The carport, living room, dining room, kitchen and bedrooms all form rectangular spaces that slide past each other. The living room takes up most of the house, with a chimney at one end in front of a workspace. At the opposite end, two bedrooms, separated by a bathroom, open out on to a veranda. The workspace exemplifies the Usonian interior, with its clerestory windows supplementing a bank of full length casement windows on the adjacent wall. Despite its small size the house seems large due to built-in furniture and shelves. Built-ins include the dining room table, a seat by the fireplace, a bar, a desk and bookcase in the workspace, as well as numerous storage spaces.</p><br>
<p>The John D. Haynes House is a private residence in Fort Wayne, Indiana, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. The house is a small and modest Usonian design in glass, red tidewater cypress, and Chicago Common Brick on a red concrete slab.</p><br>
<p>The gallery is offset to meet the rear of the great room at its center, rather than typically to one side. A music room and three bedrooms drop off this gallery. The plan thus generated is an outside T, with great room facing southwest and southeast, bedrooms looking southeast to the morning sun. The gabled roofing is asymmetrical.</p><br>
<p>The house was designed inside the original layout of the Wildwood Park development which was designed by the noted American landscape architect, Arthur Asahel Shurcliff. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004, and the Historic Preservation Review Board declared the property a Local Historic District in April 2008, at the request of the out-of-state owner. In 2010, the owner, Richard Herber, asked the Historic Preservation Review Board to rescind the historic designation, a request they rejected, citing his failure to explain his change of mind as a factor in their decision. In 2016, he sued the city council and historic preservation commission in USA federal court.</p><br>
<p>The Paul J. and Ida Trier House is a historic building located in Johnston, Iowa, United States. It is a Frank Lloyd Wright designed Usonian home that was constructed in 1958. It was the last of seven Wright Usonians built in Iowa. While it is now located in a residential area, it was constructed in an area surrounded by rural farmland. The Trier house is a variation on the 1953 Exhibition House at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York. The north wing of the house was designed by Taliesin Associates and built in 1967. It was originally the carport, which was enclosed for a playroom. The present carport on the front and an extension of the shop was added at the same time.</p><br>
<p>The exterior of the house is composed of hollow clay tile blocks, while the addition is brick matching the tiles. A low, flat roof caps the home. The interior features red concrete slab floors, with the exception of the kitchen where they are slate. Philippine mahogany is used for the woodwork. A large fireplace is located in the living room. The living room, kitchen, and bedrooms all face south with window walls in the living room and master bedroom. A deep overhang shades the rooms in the summer. The other bedrooms and the study have a band of windows. Typical of a Wright-designed home, the house is integrated into the site and opened to the outdoors.</p><br>
<p>Loon Lake is a 1,100 acre lake located in Stevens County, Washington, 30 mi north-northwest of Spokane, Washington at an elevation of 726 m. The lake is about two miles wide, one mile long, and has a maximum depth of 100 ft.</p><br>
<p>Loon Lake was named for the wild loons near the water.</p><br>
<h2>Details</h2><br>
<p>Loon Lake is a popular destination for water-based recreation including swimming, fishing, boating, kayaking, sailing, water skiing and jet-skiing. Its shores are lined with numerous cabins. The cabins are used primarily as weekend retreats and vacation cottages, but some are occupied year-round.</p><br>
<p>An unofficial boat parade occurs every 4th of July, wherein lake residents and visitors decorate their boats and move in procession around the edge of the lake.</p><br>
<p>The town of Loon Lake, Washington lies immediately to the north of the lake.</p><br>
<p>The Melvyn Maxwell Smith and Sara Stein Smith House also known as My Haven is a Frank Lloyd Wright designed Usonian home that was constructed in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan in 1949 and 1950. The owners were two public school teachers living on a tight budget. The 1957 landscape design is by Thomas Dolliver Church. The home is now on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Owners</h2><br>
<p>Melvyn Maxwell Smith was the son of Lithuanian Jewish immigrants whose original surname was Smiefsky. He became a grade school teacher, and later a high school English teacher. While attending an art history class at Wayne State University as a graduate student in 1939, he was inspired by a presentation on Wright&#39;s famous Fallingwater house, and, on the spot, announced his intention to build a house designed by Wright himself.</p><br>
<p>Sara Stein, born in 1907 in South Fork, Pennsylvania was the daughter of Lithuanian Jewish immigrants. She later became a Christian Scientist. She was also a school teacher.</p><br>
<p>Sara Stein embraced Smith&#39;s vision of a Wright designed home, and the couple married on March 21, 1940. They spent their careers as teachers in the Detroit Public Schools. Melvyn Smith died in 1984, and Sara Smith died in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The home is now owned by the Towbes Foundation. Tours are available May through October through the.</p><br>
<h2>Design of the house</h2><br>
<p>In the summer of 1941, the Smiths traveled to Taliesin, Wright&#39;s studio near Spring Green, Wisconsin. There, they met with Wright, and he agreed to design a home for them with an initial budget of approximately $9,000.00.</p><br>
<p>World War II delayed the project. Melvyn Maxwell Smith was drafted into the Army in February, 1942, and served until late in 1945.</p><br>
<p>In the summer of 1946, the Smiths purchased 3.3 acres of hilly, wooded land in Bloomfield Hills for $3,600.00, which was their entire savings. They again contacted Wright, and visited with him over the Labor Day weekend of 1946. After several delays, they received the preliminary house plans from Wright in March, 1947. The house was to be 1800 square feet and featured radiant heating through hot water pipes installed in the floor slab. Like other Wright home designs, the house relied on passive solar energy. The Smiths collaborated with Wright on a number of revisions to the house plans, and developed a close rapport with the architect during the process. Wright agreed to incorporate all of the changes they proposed, and the design was finalized in September, 1949. Architect William Wesley Peters, who served as president of the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation, wrote that Wright "never had clients who were greater in the sense of love and appreciation than Melvyn Maxwell and Sara Smith. It was a two-way road because the more that came back to Frank Lloyd Wright, the more he gave, so it was a double gain."</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>At Wright&#39;s advice, Melvyn Maxwell Smith decided to act as his own general contractor, so that he could save money and maintain the quality standards he expected. He recruited skilled workers who wanted to work on a home designed by Wright so much that they would accept lower pay than usual. Suppliers of building materials also provided goods such as 14,000 board feet of red tidewater cypress lumber at discounted prices because of their wish to be involved with a Wright project. Shopping center developer A. Alfred Taubman provided all of the windows at a deep discount because he considered the house a "fantastic structure".</p><br>
<p>During the construction period in 1949 and 1950, the Smiths combined income was $280.00 per month, so they had to "scrimp and save in myriad ways".</p><br>
<p>They moved into the house in May, 1950. One year later, they received a housewarming gift from brother-in-law Irving Goldberg of a maple dining table with eight maple chairs, two coffee tables and six hassocks, all designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.</p><br>
<h2>Visits by Frank Lloyd Wright</h2><br>
<p>Although construction was supervised by one of Wright&#39;s subordinates, Wright visited the house himself in 1951, and called it "my little gem". He visited the house again in 1953 and 1957.</p><br>
<h2>Landscaping and art collection</h2><br>
<p>In 1957, Melvyn Smith met with landscape architect Thomas Dolliver Church who visited the home and stayed for a spaghetti dinner prepared by Sara Smith. Church spent the night as their guest, and the following morning, produced a landscape plan on the spot for a nominal fee.</p><br>
<p>The home is located near the Cranbrook Educational Community, and over the years, the Smiths built an extensive art collection, where the majority of works were by artists associated with Cranbrook. Among them are a massive chest by Paul R. Evans, a gazelle sculpture by Marshall Fredericks, and works by other artists including a sculpture by Sam Apple, exterior sculptures by Mike Calligan, weavings by Urban Jupena, interior sculptures by James Messana, and a sculpted bust of Melvyn Smith by Robert Schefman. Cranbrook president Roy Slade praised the home as exemplifying "the integration of art, architecture and nature". Architectural photographer Balthazar Korab produced a widely reproduced image of Calligan&#39;s "Natural Bridge" sculpture with the house as the backdrop. Later, the Smiths collected works by Glen Michaels, including an accordion screen, and a triptych mosaic installed above the fireplace.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>According to the Michigan State Historic Preservation Office, "the use of strong horizontal roof planes, cantilevers, and the landscape emphasize the integrated relationship of the structure" and they concluded that the house is "a prime example of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Usonian design philosophy for housing the common man."</p><br>
<p>The National Register of Historic Places described the homes characteristics as including "ingenious building techniques, free flowing interior spaces exploding to the outdoors, as well as an organic&#39; relationship to the site" and they concluded that "the home is especially pleasing at night when the spaces take on a festive atmosphere. At night from the exterior, the lights reflect off the large glass walls and mitered glass corners and give the home a crystalline quality."</p><br>
<p>The Union Green is the town green of the New England town of Union, Connecticut. The Green is a small town-owned wedge at the north end of a triangle park area  formed by Town Hall Road, Buckley Highway and Kinney Hollow Road. The Green, Union Grove, and properties to the north along Route 190 are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Union Green Historic District. The historic district contains 16 buildings, 3 sites, and 2 objects over an area of 300 acre.</p><br>
<p>The Old Town Hall (now a historical society museum) is the dominant feature on the Green.</p><br>
<p>Several town buildings, specifically the former town hall, library, Congregational Church, the Union School and former district school, and cemetery, are located around the Green. There are only two houses located around the immediate perimeter of Union Green. The oldest is the one built by Ezra Horton in 1759. The other is a newer house constructed in 1956.</p><br>
<p>Although the larger Union Grove to the west of the green is privately owned, it is used for public celebrations. Also in the Grove near the intersection of Kinney Hollow and Town Hall Roads is a rough-hewn granite slab with a bronze commemorative plaque honoring the site of the first meetinghouse.</p><br>
<p>In addition to serving a commemorative function, the green is used as a meeting place for parades and other town events. An Old Home Day celebration is held at the pavilion on the third weekend of August when there is a barbecue and an evening dance.</p><br>
<p>The green and surrounding buildings are significant as a historic district for their evoking "the locations historic role as the towns political, religious, educational and social center", for preserving examples of architecture, and for 18th century stonecarved funerary art included in the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The Metropolitan Opera House  is a historic opera house located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at 858 North Broad Street. It has been used for many different purposes over its history. As of 2017 the theater is under renovation and is planned to reopen as a concert venue, managed by Live Nation, in September 2018.</p><br>
<p>Built over the course of just a few months in 1908, it was the ninth opera house built by impresario Oscar Hammerstein I. It was initially the home of Hammerstein&#39;s Philadelphia Opera Company, and was originally called the Philadelphia Opera House. Hammerstein sold the house to the Metropolitan Opera of New York City in 1910, when it was renamed. The Met used the MOH through 1920, after which various opera companies used the house through 1934. For over five more decades it remained in constant use in turn as a movie theater, a ballroom, a sports venue, and a church. The MOH then fell into serious disrepair and was unused and vacant from 1988 until 1995, when it became the "Holy Ghost Headquarters Revival Center at the Met". The church stabilized much of the building, eventually paving the way for the latest renovation of the opera house in 2017.</p><br>
<p>The MOH has been included in the National Register of Historic Places since 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Metropolitan Opera House was built by Hammerstein to be the home of his then new opera company, the Philadelphia Opera Company (POC). Hammerstein hired architect William H. McElfatrick of the firm J.B. McElfatrick & Son to design the opera house in 1907, and construction began the following year. When it opened as the Philadelphia Opera House in 1908, it was the largest theater of its kind in the world, seating more than 4,000 people.</p><br>
<p>The opera house officially opened on November 17, 1908 with a production of Georges Bizets Carmen for the opening of the POCs first season. The cast included Maria Labia in the title role, Charles Dalmorès as Don José, Andrés de Segurola as Escamillo, Alice Zeppilli as Micaëla, and Cleofonte Campanini conducting. The POC continued to use the house for its productions through March 1910. The companys last performance at the house was of Giuseppe Verdis Rigoletto on March 23, 1910 with Giovanni Polese in the title role, Lalla Miranda as Gilda, Orville Harrold as the Duke of Mantua, and Giuseppe Sturani conducting.</p><br>
<p>On April 26, 1910, Arthur Hammerstein, with his father’s power of attorney, sold the Philadelphia Opera House to the New York Metropolitan Opera. The theater was then renamed the Metropolitan Opera House. The Met, which had annually toured to Philadelphia with performances at the Academy of Music, had been the POCs biggest competition for opera audiences. In spite of two sold-out seasons of grand opera for the POC, Hammerstein ran into debt and had to sell his highly popular opera house to his competitor. The Mets first production at the re-titled house was on December 13, 1910. They performed regularly at the MOH for the next decade, giving well over a hundred performances at the house. The Metropolitan Opera&#39;s last performance at the MOH was Eugene Onegin on April 20, 1920 with Giuseppe de Luca in the title role and Claudia Muzio as Tatyana.</p><br>
<p>While the Met owned the MOH, they let other opera companies use the house for their performances. The MOH was the home of the Philadelphia-Chicago Grand Opera Company between 1911 and 1914. The Philadelphia Operatic Society also used the house during and after the Met&#39;s tenure, through 1924. After the Met returned to performing at the Academy of Music for the 1920-1921 opera season, the MOH became the home of the Philadelphia Civic Opera Company until 1928. It was also used occasionally during the 1920s and 1930s by the Philadelphia Grand Opera Company and the Philadelphia La Scala Opera Company, two companies that primarily worked out of the Academy of Music. The MOH was also host to many traveling productions by opera companies from other cities. The last opera production mounted at the MOH was a double billing of Cavalleria rusticana and Pagliacci under the baton of Aldo Franchetti, presented by the Chicago Grand Opera Company on May 5, 1934.</p><br>
<p>By 1920, while still being used as a performing venue for operas, the house began presenting silent films to the public. It remained a cinema venue after the MOH stopped presenting operas.</p><br>
<p>April 1922 J.F Rutherford gives 1st Radio Broadcast from the Metropolitan Opera House to an estimated 50,000 people on the discourse "Millions Now Living Will never Die"</p><br>
<p>In the late 1930s the MOH was turned into a ballroom and in the 1940s a sports promoter bought the venue, covering the orchestra pit with flooring so basketball, wrestling, and boxing could take place. This venture closed after attendance waned following a decline in the quality of the opera house&#39;s neighborhood. In 1954 the building was sold and became a church.</p><br>
<h2>Decline</h2><br>
<p>In 1954 the building was purchased by the Rev. Theo Jones who then had a large congregation. During this time the Philadelphia Orchestra chose the superior acoustics of the Met for several of its recordings. After 1988 however church membership decreased and the building began to deteriorate.</p><br>
<p>In October 2012 Holy Ghost Headquarters Church and developer Eric Blumenfeld entered into a development partnership with Blumenfeld eventually purchasing the building for $1. Some interior demolition work began in September 2013 but was halted because the developer had not obtained city permits. In February 2015 the church filed a lawsuit against the developer over the lack of progress on the building, alleging that Blumenfeld misled the congregation regarding his finances and ".never restored the Met as promised. Rather he gutted the auditorium the Church had worked so hard to renovate, effectively displacing the Church and left the unfinished project in shambles."</p><br>
<h2>Redevelopment</h2><br>
<p>In May 2017 Blumenfeld and Holy Ghost Church had reached a joint ownership agreement. At the same time Live Nation signed a lease as a concert promoter and tenet for the building. A $45-million USD renovation was announced with expected completion in September of 2018.</p><br>
<p>Bolton Green Historic District is a historic district that includes the town green, Bolton Green, of the town of Bolton, Connecticut. The green and the surrounding buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. The district extends east about 500 yard from the green along Bolton Center Road. The oldest existing buildings around the Green are the former tavern and the Bolton General Store. The most prominent building around the Green is the Bolton Congregational Church, a Greek Revival structure built in 1818 with a truncated box-spire. Other structures around the green are a house facing the green on the east side built in the 1840s, and a new ranch house that was built on the former site of an 1870s house that was destroyed by fire. Other properties in the district includes the Brick Tavern, the site of Bolton&#39;s first post office, the town hall, the Tuthill residence, and the Bolton Heritage Farm.</p><br>
<p>The green itself is triangular in shape and is located at the junction of Bolton Center Road and Hebron Road. The Green is an open, well-kept grassy area defined by the roads and trees. The green contains two war memorials commemorating World War I and World War II; and Korea and Vietnam combined, flanking a flagpole. Bolton Green continues to be used as an open space maintained for public use and town commemorative functions.</p><br>
<p>The Washington-Rochambeau Revolutionary Route National Historic Trail passes through the Bolton Green historic district.</p><br>
<p>Willington Common Historic District is a historic district that includes the town green, Willington Common, of the town of Willington, Connecticut. The common and the surrounding buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The district is located at the junction of Route 74 and Route 320, on the location now known as Willington Hill, which is the original settlement and town center of Willington. The Green is rectangular and is bounded by Route 74 on the south, Jared Sparks Road on the east and Common Road on the north and west.</p><br>
<p>The buildings around the common were built in the 18th and 19th centuries. They include two churches, the Old Town Hall, a parsonage and other residences (some of which served as stores and taverns). The two churches are the most dominant structures on the Green.</p><br>
